Zamkati
Pulogalamu ya matenda ndi vuto lochokera ku neurobiological komwe kumalumikizidwa ndikuphunzira kuwerenga ndi kulemba.
Omwe ali ndi vuto ili amavomereza kuti dyslexia amalepheretsa kuwerenga bwino mawu popeza zikuwoneka kuti zilembo zimasinthidwa (kusokoneza kapena kusuntha pamapepala).
Kusinthaku sikukutanthauza kuti munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto la kusokonezeka ali ndi vuto pakumvetsetsa kapena kuti pali mtundu wina wamaganizidwe. M'malo mwake, nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi dyslexia Amamvetsetsa mawu ena akawerengedwa ndi wina, koma sangathe kufotokoza izi akawerenga mawu omwewo.
Ndani angakhale ndi dyslexia?
Pakadali pano dyslexia imadziwika muubwana (kuchokera kusukulu ya mwana), ndikofunikira kunena kuti vutoli limatha kulowa m'moyo wachikulire. Pachifukwa ichi pali chithandizo cha ana ndi akulu omwe ali ndi vuto la kuchepa.
Nthawi zina, kusokonezeka kumalumikizidwa ndi kusamvetsetsa bwino komanso kukumbukira kwakanthawi, zovuta kusiyanitsa kumanja ndi kumanzere. Kuphatikiza apo, mavuto amatha kubwera pakumvetsetsa kwakanthawi kanthawi.
Ndikofunikira kuwonetsa izi palibe anthu awiri ofanana omwe ali ndi dyslexia. Chifukwa chake, mulimonsemo muyenera kuyesedwa m'njira inayake.
Chifukwa chake, mtundu umodzi wokha wa kuyesa kuwunika dyslexia itha kukhala yothandiza kwa anthu ena komanso yachikale kwa ena.
Zitsanzo za mayeso a dyslexia
1. Mayeso a Piaget ndi Heat (psychomotor)
Mayesowa ali ndi kugwiritsa ntchito Kuyesa kwa Piaget ndi Kutentha kuchita kuzindikira kwa thupi chiwembu ndi mwanayo.
2. Mayeso owunika pambuyo pake (maluso a psychomotor)
Pachifukwa ichi, mtundu wamayeso wotchedwa Mayeso a Harri, momwe kuwunika kwakanthawi kukuyesedwa. Kuyesaku kumadziwika ndi kukhala ndi zolimbitsa thupi zazifupi komanso zosangalatsa.
Kulamulira kwa manja. Mwanayo amafunsidwa kuti azitsanzira ndi manja ake:
- Momwe mungaponyere mpira
- Momwe mumatsuka mano
- Momwe mungakhomerere msomali
- Lola pensulo
- Dulani pepala ndi lumo
- kulemba
- Dulani ndi mpeni
Kulamulira phazi lililonse. Kuti muchite izi, mukufunsidwa kuti muchite mayeso otsatirawa. Mukufunsidwa kuti:
- Lembani kalata ndi phazi
- Kudumphira ndi phazi limodzi
- Tembenuzani phazi limodzi
- Yendani ndikukwera sitepe ndi phazi limodzi
- Kwezani mwendo umodzi pampando
Kafukufuku atha kuchitidwanso kuti awone kulamulira kwa diso (onani kudzera pa telescope kapena kaleidoscope) kapena kuwunika kwa ulamuliro wa khutu limodzi (mverani pobweretsa khutu lanu pakhoma kapena pansi).
3. Kuyesedwa kwa nthawi yopuma (psychomotor)
Kuunika kwakanthawi kwakanthawi kochepa kwa mwana kumatha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a gestalt otchedwa Kuyesa kwa Bender.
4. Zida Zodziyesera Pakokha pa intaneti - Kuwunika Kowunika
Ngakhale chida ichi sichingatipatse zotsatira zenizeni (komanso mawonekedwe aukadaulo omwe adzafufuze pambuyo pake adzakhala olondola), titha kunena kuti Mayeso amtunduwu amatibweretsa kufupi ndi momwe tingathere ndi vuto lomwe munthuyo akuvutika nalo.
Mayeso amtunduwu atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ana azaka zapakati pa 6 mpaka 11 mpaka ½.
Mafunso omwe amapezeka pafupipafupi
- Kodi mwana amatenga nthawi yayitali kuti ayambe kutchula mawu molondola?
- Kodi mumasintha makalata mobwerezabwereza ndi / kapena manambala?
- Kuti mumvetsetse kuwonjezera kapena kuchotsa kodi mukufunika kuthandizidwa pakuwona? Kodi zidakuvutani kumvetsetsa izi?
- Kodi mukusowa wowongolera (chala, chowongolera, ndi zina zambiri) kuti muzitha kutsatira kuwerenga moyenera?
- Mukamalemba, mumalekanitsa mawuwo m'njira yolakwika ndikuwaphatikiza ndi ena?
- Kodi zimakuvutani kusiyanitsa kumanja kuchokera kumanzere?
- Kodi mumavutika kuwerenga kapena kulemba kuposa ana ena amsinkhu wawo?
- Mukamalemba, mumakonda kusiya kalata yomaliza pa liwu lililonse?
- Mukamalemba, mumasokoneza masilabo ndi kuwalembanso mobwerezabwereza?
- Mukamawerenga, kodi simungangokhala phee ndikusowa pensulo, zikande, ndi zina zambiri?
Poterepa mayankho atha kukhala "inde" kapena "ayi". Mayankho ovomerezeka omwe mwanayo amakhala nawo, amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa matenda omwe ali nawo.
5. DST-J
Mayeso amtunduwu amagwiranso ntchito kwa ana azaka zapakati pa 6 mpaka 11 mpaka ½. Njira yake yogwiritsira ntchito ndiyokha ndipo imayenera kukhala pakati pa 25 ndi 45 mphindi.
Kudzera pakuyesaku, mayeso angapo omwe ali ndi magawo 12 amachitika:
- Umboni wa dzina
- Kuyesa kwa mgwirizano
- Kuwerenga mayeso
- Mayeso okhazikika
- Phonemic segmentation test
- Mayeso oyeserera
- Mayeso olosera
- Kubwezeretsa Kuyesedwa Kwama digit
- Mayeso owerenga opanda pake
- Lembani umboni
- Kuyesa kwamatsenga
- Kuyeserera kwamalingaliro kapena mawu
6. Mayeso apadera a matenda a dyslexia
Gawo # 1 - Tchulani zilembozo
Makalata osiyanasiyana amaperekedwa ndipo munthuyo amafunsidwa kuti "onetsani dzina la chilembo chilichonse”.
Gawo 2 - Phokoso la makalata
Njira zomwezo zam'mbuyomu zimachitika koma zilembo zosiyanasiyana zimayikidwa ndipo munthuyo amafunsidwa kuti amve kulira kwa kalatayo.
Gawo 3 - Zilembo za kalatayo
Poterepa, zilembo zosiyanasiyana zimayikidwa koma munthuyo amafunsidwa kuti atchule silabo yoyenera. Mwachitsanzo: "SA"
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumatha kukhala kovuta kwambiri ngati mayeso a:
- Ma syllable okhala ndi makonsonanti amvekedwe amodzi kapena matanthauzo awiri
- Maselo omwe ali ndi "U". Mwachitsanzo "Gue".
7. EDIL
Ndi mtundu wa kuwunika womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunika kuthamanga, kulondola, komanso kumvetsetsa kuwerenga.
8. TCP
Ndi mayeso omwe amalola kuwunika momwe ana angawerengere pakati pa 6 ndi 16 wazaka.
9. Prolec-R
Kudzera njira imeneyi timayesa mvetsetsani ulendo wowerenga womwe wowerenga aliyense amatenga kuti athe kuzindikira komwe vutoli likuchokera.
10. Prolec-SE
Mayeso amtunduwu amatha kuchitidwa mwa ana azaka zapakati pa 6 mpaka 10. Unikani semantic, syntactic ndi lexical njira.
11. T.A.L.E
Pangani kuwunika konse kwa munthu yemwe angathe kutero Dziwani komwe kumapezeka zovuta ndikuwunika ngati ndi dyslexia kapena ayi.
Ndikofunikira kunena kuti mayeserowa ndi owongolera okha, ndipo kulowererapo ndikuwunika kwa akatswiri kumalimbikitsidwa nthawi zonse.
