Zipangizo zophatikiza

Zamkati

• Mitundu yazinthu zophatikizika
• Zitsanzo za zinthu zophatikiza

Pulogalamu yazipangizo gulu ndizo zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zinthu ziwiri kapena zingapo zosiyana, zomwe kuphatikiza kwake kumapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikhale zogwirizana, zomwe ndi zinthu zoyambirira nthawi imodzi.

Izi zimalola kusankha kwa zigawo zina kuti zipeze zida zokhala ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka monga kuuma, kuonda, kukana, kuperekera magetsi, dzimbiri kukana, etc.

Zambiri zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zopangidwa ndi munthu, ngakhale zina zitha kuwonekera m'chilengedwe, chotulukapo cha kusinthika kwa zamoyo. Ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopangira zomwe zimapindula chifukwa chothandizirana ndi zinthu zina.

Mwambiri, zipangizo zamagulu zimadziwika ndi:

• Zimakhala ndi zinthu ziwiri kapena zingapo zakuthupi zomwe zimatha kusiyanika koma zokhazokha.
• Onetsani magawo angapo amitundu yosiyanasiyana, osasungunuka pakati pawo komanso olekanitsidwa ndi gawo lapakatikati kapena mawonekedwe.
• Kukhala ndi mgwirizano waukulu, ndiye kuti, makina ake ndiopambana kuposa kuchuluka kosavuta kwa zigawo zake mosiyana.
• Siyanitsani ndi zida za polyphase, monga ma alloys achitsulo, momwe zingathere kusintha magawo omwe amapezeka pakusintha kwamatenthedwe (kutentha).
• Kukhala ndi wothandizira (gawo lowonjezera) ndi matrix (gawo lolimbitsa).

Mitundu yazinthu zophatikizika

Mitundu yotsatirayi yazinthu zophatikizika imatha kudziwika:

• Mitundu Yolimbitsa Tinthu. Omwazika mumtambo wofewa komanso ductile, Zida zazinthu zolimba komanso zopepuka zimabalalitsidwa komanso zimafanana.
• Kumwazikana waumitsidwa nsanganizo. Amapereka tinthu tolimbitsa tating'onoting'ono kwambiri, timene timamwazikana m'munsi mwake.
• Zida zopangira fiber. Zipangizazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ulusi wolimba wolimba womwe umapangidwa ndi utomoni womwe umakutira ulusiwo, kusamutsa katunduyo kuchokera ku ulusi woswekawo kupita nawo wolimbawo ndikukhala olimba.
• Zomangamanga zopangira. Zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosavuta komanso zophatikizika, nthawi zambiri laminar (sangweji) monga omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga, kuphatikiza zinthu zonse ziwiri za khoma limodzi.

Itha kukutumikirani: Zitsanzo za Zinthu Zachilengedwe ndi Zopangira

Zitsanzo za zinthu zophatikiza

1. Cermet. Kulumikizana kwa ceramic ndi chitsulo, adapangidwa kuti athane ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso kupirira kutsekemera, monga ziwiya zadothi, koma amasangalala ndi kufooka kwazitsulo. Nthawi zambiri masanjidwe azida izi ndizitsulo (faifi tambala, molybdenum, cobalt) ndi gawo lolimbitsira ndi chakudya refractories (oxides, albumin, borides) zofananira zoumbaumba. Izi zimathandizira kupanga zida zodulira zomwe zimaphatikiza kulimba ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndikukhala ndi moyo wautali., makamaka zatsopano zomwe zidapangidwa ndi titaniyamu ndi cobalt.
2. Nacre. Ichi ndi chitsanzo cha zinthu zopangidwa mwachilengedwe, popanda kulowererapo kwa munthu. Ndi chinthu cholimba, choyera chobiriwira chomwe chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, omwe amapanga gawo lamkati la chipolopolo cha mollusks ambiri, monga mayi wa ngale. M'malo mwake, nyamazi zimatha kusungunula calcium calciumate ndi biopolymers kuti akonze zipolopolo zawo kapena kuphatikiza zonyansa kapena tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timadutsa, ndikupangitsa ngale..
3. Plywood. Amatchedwanso multilaminate, plywood, plywood kapena plywood, Ndi bolodi lamatabwa opyapyala olumikizirana ndi ulusi wawo mozungulira, pogwiritsa ntchito utomoni wopanga, kuthamanga ndi kutentha.. Amakutidwa ndi asidi wa sulfuric pambuyo pokonza kuti akhale wopanda fungo, womwe umakhala ma polima ndi ma benzenes ndipo ndi othandiza makamaka pomanga.
4. Adobe. Njerwa zosafufutidwa amatchedwa motero, kutanthauza kudzaza zomanga, zopangidwa ndi dongo ndi mchenga kapena matope ena, osakanikirana ndi udzu ndikuuma padzuwa. Agwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira nthawi zakale kupanga makoma ndi zomangira zazing'ono, nthawi zambiri ngati njerwa (zamakona anayi). Ngakhale anali wabwino matenthedwe insulator, adobe amatenga chinyezi chambiri posachedwa, kutaya kuuma kwake, chifukwa chake amayenera kuyikidwiratu pamiyala yopewera madzi kapena, konkire.
5. Konkire. Zomwe zimatchedwanso "konkriti", ndizophatikiza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga nthawi yomweyo. ndi mphambano ya zinthu zosiyanasiyana: simenti, mchenga, miyala kapena miyala, ndi madzi. Ndi cholumikizira ichi, chisakanizo chofananira chimapezeka chomwe chimakhazikika ndikuwuma m'maola ochepa mpaka kupeza kusinthasintha kwamiyala.. Ntchito zambiri zomangamanga zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito konkriti.
6. Yoyang'ana Strand Board. Amatchedwa OSB (Yoyang'ana Strand Board mu Chingerezi), ndi mtundu wamitundumitundu, plywood, chifukwa m'malo molumikizana ndi matabwa angapo, zimachitika ndi zigawo zingapo zovekedwa kapena tchipisi tankhuni zonse zoyang'ana mbali imodzimodzi, motero zimapeza zinthu zofananira kuchokera ku utomoni wa phenolic kapena polyurethane, formaldehyde kapena melamine. Nthawi zambiri zowonjezera zina zimaphatikizidwanso kuti zithetse kulimbana ndi moto, chinyezi kapena kuthamangitsa tizilombo.
7. Pykrete. Zinthu zopangidwazo zimapangidwa ndi utuchi wa 14% kapena zamkati zamatabwa, mumayeso a ayezi 86%. Dzinali limachokera kwa yemwe adayambitsa, a Geoffrey Pyke, omwe adawauza ku Royal Britain Navy kuti apange zonyamula zouma zolimba. Pykrete imakhala yolimba pafupi ndi konkriti, otsika kwambiri osungunuka komanso kukaniza kwakanthawi..
8. Galasi yolimbitsa pulasitiki. Wodziwika kuti GFRP (Galasi-CHIKWANGWANI cholimbitsa Pulasitiki m'Chingerezi), Ndizopanga zomwe zimapanga pulasitiki kapena utomoni wa matrix, wolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wamagalasi. Zotsatira zake ndizopepuka, zolimba, zosavuta kupanga, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa "fiberglass.". Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga magawo, makampani opanga zida zamayendedwe ndi matelefoni, komanso pantchito yomanga.
9. Phula konkire. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza misewu kapena misewu ikuluikulu, phula konkire Amakhala ndi phula losakanikirana ndi mchere wamafuta osiyanasiyana, kuti apeze yunifolomu ndi phala lotupa lomwe, mukamagwiritsa ntchito lotentha, limaumitsa ndi zotchinga madziKupanga zinthu zabwino zantchito zaboma m'mizinda.
10. Fupa. Chitsanzo china cha zinthu zopangidwa mwachilengedwe ndi mafupa, omwe amapangidwa mkati mwa nyama zapamwamba ndi mafupa olimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wa collagen, puloteni yomwe imawumitsa chilengedwe, chifukwa cha calcium yomwe idapangidwa. Izi zimabweretsa chinthu cholimba, chopepuka, koma chopepuka.