Mphamvu zachilengedwe, zopangira, zoyambira ndi zachiwiri

Zamkati

• Zitsanzo za mphamvu zachilengedwe kapena zoyambira
• Zitsanzo za mphamvu yokumba kapena yachiwiri

Pulogalamu ya mphamvu zachilengedwe Ndi omwe amapezeka mwachilengedwe popanda kulowererapo kwa munthu. Amatchedwanso mphamvu zoyambira. Izi sizimasinthidwa pakapangidwe kazogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.

Pulogalamu ya mphamvu zopangira ndizogulitsa zamagetsi zomwe zimapezeka pakusintha kwa mankhwala kapena kusintha kwa thupi. Amatchedwanso sekondale chifukwa amapezeka ngati chinthu chachiwiri champhamvu zachilengedwe.

Mphamvu zachilengedwe komanso zopangira zitha kugawidwa mu:

• Zowonjezeretsanso: Ndi zomwe sizimatha kapena zomwe zitha kupangidwa mwachangu kuposa momwe amathera.
• Zosasinthika: Ndi omwe sangapangidwe kapena kuti mapangidwe awo amachedwa pang'onopang'ono kuposa momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito.

Zitsanzo za mphamvu zachilengedwe kapena zoyambira

1. Mphamvu yamagetsi yamafunde amadzi (zosintha zina). Kusuntha kwa madzi kuli ndi mphamvu zamagetsi. Ngakhale mphamvuyo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukhala mphamvu yachiwiri, monga mu magetsi yamagetsi, itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mphamvu zoyambira. Mwachitsanzo:
   • Matabwa: njira yonyamulira mitengo ndikuiponya mumitsinje, ndikuilola kuyandama kuchokera pomwe idadulidwa kupita kumalo osungira.
   • Mabwato: ngakhale atagwiritsa ntchito mota kapena kupalasa, mabwato amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zakuthwa kwamadzi amadzi, am'madzi ndi amtsinje.
   • Mphero zamadzi: mphamvu yamagetsi yamadzi imasandulika mphamvu yamakina yomwe imasuntha masamba amatailosi amphero omwe amasandutsa "magudumu opera" (miyala yozungulira) yomwe imasandutsa njere kukhala ufa.
2. Kutentha kwa dzuwa (zongowonjezwdwanso): Dzuwa limatipatsa kutentha popanda kulowererapo kuchokera kwa munthu. Timagwiritsa ntchito mphamvuzi tsiku lililonse ndikudziyika tokha pansi pano tikamadwala. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pomanga nyumba zosungira zobiriwira, kutenthetsa kutentha kumeneko ndikuthandizira kukula kwa mbewu zomwe zimafunikira kutentha ndi chinyezi.
3. Mphamvu zowala kuchokera kudzuwa (zongowonjezwdwa): Ndi mphamvu yomwe timagwiritsa ntchito mu mbeu, popeza zomera zimazisandutsa mphamvu zamagetsi kudzera mu photosynthesis. Kuphatikiza apo, timagwiritsa ntchito kuwunikira nyumba zathu kudzera m'mawindo komanso kudenga kwamagalasi.
4. Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi (zongowonjezwdwanso): Ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwala ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa. Ndi mtundu wa mphamvu zachilengedwe zomwe zimatha kusandulika mphamvu zamagetsi (zopangira) kudzera m'maselo a photovoltaic, heliostats kapena otolera otentha.
5. Mphamvu yamagetsi ya mphepo (zongowonjezwdwa): Mafunde ampweya (mphepo) amakhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimasandulika mphamvu zamakina poyendetsa masamba azida zomwe timakonda kudziwa kuti mphero. M'magetsi opangira mphepo, mphamvuzi zimasandutsidwa mphamvu zamagetsi (zopangira). Koma itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mphamvu yamagetsi:
   1. Mapampu Opopera - Kuyenda kwa makina kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera madzi apansi panthaka. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira minda, makamaka m'malo omwe kulibe magetsi.
   2. Mphero zoyendera mphepo: chimodzimodzi ndi ma watermills, makina amagetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito potembenuza mbewu kukhala ufa.
6. Mphamvu yaumunthu ndi nyama: Mphamvu yakuthupi ya anthu ndi nyama imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji:
   1. Kulima: akadali m'malo ena apadziko lapansi khasu la "magazi" limagwiritsidwabe ntchito, ndiye kuti, amakoka nyama.
   2. Chopukusira khofi: masiku ano khofi nthawi zambiri amakhala akupera ndi zopera zamagetsi. Komabe, zida zamagetsi zitha kugwiritsidwabe ntchito.
7. Mphamvu zamagetsi zachilengedwe (zongowonjezwdwa): Ngakhale mphamvu yochokera m'madzi, mphepo ndi dzuwa zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuzisintha kukhala magetsi, zimapezekanso m'chilengedwe mukamabingu. Pakadali pano pali ntchito yomanga yotchedwa Hydra yomwe cholinga chake ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya mphezi.
8. Zotsalira: Ndi mtundu wa mphamvu yomwe imangowonjezeredwa nthawi zina. Kugwiritsa ntchito nkhuni (mphamvu zamagetsi) kuti isanduke mphamvu yotentha (pamoto) sikungakhale kwanthawi yayitali, chifukwa chakuchepa kwanthaka padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, mitundu ina yamphamvu ya biomass, monga mbewu za mpendadzuwa zoti zisinthidwe kukhala biodiesel, ndi njira yowonjezeranso mphamvu yachilengedwe.
9. Ma hydrocarbon (zosapitsidwanso): Gasi wachilengedwe ndi mafuta ndi mphamvu zachilengedwe zamagetsi.Gasi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mphamvu ya kutentha, osasintha chilichonse. Amasinthidwanso kukhala magetsi (mphamvu zopangira). Mafuta ndi gwero lachilengedwe koma amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zake zopangira, monga mafuta kapena dizilo.

Zitsanzo za mphamvu yokumba kapena yachiwiri

1. MagetsiMagetsi amapezeka kuzinthu zingapo zoyambirira:
   1. Mphamvu yamagetsi (yoyambiranso)
   2. Mphamvu ya dzuwa (zowonjezekanso)
   3. Mphamvu zamagetsi (zosapitsidwanso): zotumphukira zamafuta zomwe zimawotchedwa mu injini kapena chopangira mphamvu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chimodzi mwazovuta za njirayi, kuphatikiza pakusapanganso, ndikuti imatulutsa mpweya wa poizoni mumlengalenga.
   4. Mphamvu za atomiki: mphamvu yachilengedwe ya nyukiliya imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
   5. Mphamvu Zamagetsi: Mitundu ina yamagetsi imayatsidwa kudzera mu dynamo yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamanja.
2. Mafuta: Ndizochokera ku mafuta (mphamvu zachilengedwe) omwe asinthidwa ndimankhwala kuti agwiritse ntchito mwachindunji.