Mitundu yazinthu zamankhwala - Encyclopedia

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Mitundu ya Mankhwala
Mitundu yamagulu
Zitsanzo za mankhwala

A mankhwala Zonse ndizofunikira zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndimankhwala omwe zinthu zawo sizingathe kulekanitsidwa ndi njira iliyonse yakuthupi. Chinthu chopangidwa ndi mankhwala ndi zotsatira za kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zamagulu ndipo zimapangidwa ndi mamolekyulu, ma form unit ndi maatomu. Mwachitsanzo: madzi, ozoni, shuga.

Mankhwala amapezeka m'malo onse: olimba, madzi, ndi gasi. Zinthu izi zimapezeka mu zodzoladzola, chakudya, zakumwa, mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo: sodium fluoride mu mankhwala otsukira mano, sodium chloride mu mchere wa tebulo. Zinthu zina zitha kukhala zowononga thanzi la munthu, monga poyizoni kapena chikonga mu ndudu.

Mawu akuti mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala amapezeka kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18, chifukwa cha ntchito zamankhwala waku France komanso wamankhwala, Joseph Louis Proust.

Mankhwala oyera, omwe sangathe kugawidwa muzinthu zina mwa njira iliyonse; Amasiyanitsidwa ndi zosakanikirana, mabungwe omwe amapezeka mwa kuphatikiza zinthu ziwiri kapena zingapo zomwe sizisunga mgwirizano wamagulu.

Tsatirani: Zinthu zoyera ndi zosakaniza

Mitundu ya Mankhwala

Zinthu zosavuta. Zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi atomu imodzi kapena zingapo za mankhwala omwewo. Kapangidwe ka atomiki kake kamatha kusintha malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ma atomu, koma osati malinga ndi mtundu wake. Mwachitsanzo: ozone, yemwe mamolekyulu ake amapangidwa ndi maatomu atatu a oxygen.
Zinthu zamagulu kapena mankhwala. Zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zinthu ziwiri kapena zingapo zosiyana kapena maatomu. Amapangidwa ndimomwe zimachitikira. Chikhalidwe chawo chachikulu ndikuti ali ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndipo sangapangidwe mwa chifuniro cha anthu. Zonse zomwe zili patebulopo nthawi zonse zimatha kuphatikizika ndikupanga zinthu zophatikizika ndipo izi sizingalekanitsidwe ndi zochitika zathupi. Mwachitsanzo: madzi, omwe mamolekyulu ake amapangidwa ndi hydrogen ndi oxygen. Pali zinthu zachilengedwe komanso zachilengedwe.

Tsatirani: Zinthu zosavuta komanso zophatikizika

Mitundu yamagulu

Mankhwala achilengedwe. Zinthu zopangidwa makamaka ndi maatomu a kaboni. Amatha kuwola. Zilipo m'zinthu zonse zamoyo komanso m'zinthu zina zopanda moyo. Amatha kukhala osasintha ma atomu awo akasintha. Mwachitsanzo: mapadi.
Zinthu zachilengedwe. Zinthu zomwe mulibe kaboni kapena sichinthu chake chachikulu. Zina mwa izo ndi zinthu zilizonse zopanda moyo kapena zosakhoza kuwola. Mwachitsanzo: zotupitsira powotcha makeke.Zinthu zina zachilengedwe zimatha kukhala zachilengedwe.