Zamkati
Pulogalamu ya udzu (Amadziwikanso kuti Poaceae) ndi herbaceous (ndi zina zake) zomera zomwe zimayenderana ndi monocot. Pali mitundu yoposa zikwi khumi ndi ziwiri yaudzu pafupifupi kumadera onse padziko lapansi.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya udzu, malinga ndi momwe zimakhalira:
- Udzu wapachaka. Amakhala ndi kuzungulira ndipo amaberekana kamodzi pachaka. Mwachitsanzo: tirigu, oats.
- Udzu wosatha. Amabereka kangapo pachaka. Mwachitsanzo: udzu, nsungwi.
Kufunika ndikugwiritsa ntchito udzu
Udzu wambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu monga ufa popeza ambiri ndi chimanga (balere, mpunga, tirigu, pakati pa ena ambiri).
Zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga papier-mâché, zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito tsinde kapena udzu. Kuphatikiza apo, kupanga zingwe ndi zimayambira ndi masamba audzu kumachitika pafupipafupi.
Zitsanzo za udzu
- Mbalame
- Mpunga
- Phalaphala
- Bamboo
- Nzimbe
- Balere
- Rye
- Zamgululi (Falal Tuberosa)
- Kulimbikira Kwambiri
- Mbewu (Zea Mais)
- Mwana
- Grass Mpira (Dactylis Glomerata)
- Malo odyetserako ziweto
- Manyuchi
- Tirigu
Zimayambira
Zomwe zimayambira udzu Amatchedwanso bango chifukwa limakhala lazitali komanso lalitali. Zili ndi mfundo zolimba ndipo pakati pa mfundozi, ndodozo ndizabowo, zomwe zimawapatsa mwayi wokhoza kukula m'malo amphepo. Komanso, zimayambira za udzu zitha kukhala:
Zimayambira pamlengalenga:
- Kukwera zimayambira. Akukwera ndi kuwongoka ndipo ali ndi ma internode afupi pafupi ndi tsinde komanso otalikirana kwambiri pamwamba pake.
- Zokwawa zimayambira. Ndiwo zimayambira zomwe sizimakwezedwa mozungulira koma zimatero pansi.
- Zimayambira. Ndiwo masamba obiriwira omwe amakula m'madzi ndikuyandama chifukwa chaudzu waudzu.
Zobisika pansi:
- Ma Rhizomes. Zimayambira pansi pa nthaka zomwe zimatulutsa (ndi kukula kopingasa) mizu kapena mphukira kuchokera kumadera awo.
- Pseudobulbs. Ndiwo zimayambira omwe amalowa mkati mwa ma internode ndipo ndi osowa pakati pa udzu (Chitsanzo cha kalasiyi ndi Phalaris tuberosa kapena mbalame.
Masamba
Masamba a udzu Amapangidwa ndi magawo atatu:
- M'chimake. Amaphimba tsinde ndikuphimba nawo.
- Ligule. Kakhungu kapena gulu la tsitsi pakati pa tsamba la tsamba ndi petiole. (mumitundu ina mwina sipangakhalepo).
- Tsamba la tsamba. Mapepala omwe amaphimba masamba ambiri audzu.
Maluwa ndi zipatso
Amakhala ndi kapangidwe kotchedwa inflorescence, ndiye kuti maluwa amakhala kumapeto kwa tsinde. Kuphatikiza apo, maluwa audzu amatha kukhala osagonana kapena osakanikirana. Zipatso zaudzu zimatha kukhala mbewu (udzu wambiri umakhala ndi mbewu monga zipatso zawo), mtedza, kapena caryopses.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti udzu umatulutsa mungu wochuluka womwe umagawidwa ndi mphepo. Chifukwa chake, maudzu omwe amaberekana, mbewu zimafalikira chifukwa cha zomwe mphepo imachita.
