Zamkati
Aokusayidi ndi mankhwala omwe amachokera ku kuphatikiza kwa a zachitsulo kapena chosakhala chachitsulo ndi mpweya. Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, reagent (chitsulo + mpweya) imaganiziridwa kumanzere ndipo chinthucho chimapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo kumanja. Mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza kwa calcium ndi oxygen kumatulutsa calcium oxide.
M'malo mwake, nthawi zambiri okusayidi Amapangidwa pomwe zinthu zamagulu zimaphatikizana ndi mpweya kapena madzi, omwe amakhala ndi mpweya wambiri: izi zimayambitsa kuvala kwa zinthu, makamaka zikafika zitsulo. Pofuna kuthetsa izi, mankhwala a antioxidant amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
Pakati pa ma oxide, gulu limapangidwa molingana ndi zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi mpweya:
- Ma oxidi oyambiramankhwala ophatikizana ophatikizika ndi chitsulo ndi mpweya.
- Mavitamini a acidmankhwala ophatikizana ophatikizana osagwirizana ndi mpweya.
- Amphoteric okusayidi: chinthu cha amphoteric chimakhudzidwa ndi kompositi, motero ma oxides amakhala ngati zidulo kapena zida.
Mayina apadera
Kutchula mitundu yamtunduwu, pali njira zitatu zomwe mungachitire izi:
Pulogalamu ya dzina lachikhalidwe (kapena stoichiometric): Ndi amene amatchula valence ya dzina lenileni, kudzera pamawu oyamba ndi zomasulira. Momwe oxide iliyonse amatchulidwira imasiyanasiyana kutengera kuchuluka kwa ma valence omwe elementi ili nayo.
- Pomwe elementiyo ili ndi valence imodzi yokha, okusayidi amatchedwa 'oxide (ndi chinthu chokhala ndi chokwanira' ico ', monga potaziyamu okusayidi)’
- Chipangizocho chikakhala ndi ma valence awiri, oxideyo amatchedwa 'oxide (ndi chinthu chokhala ndi chokwanira' ico ', monga ferric okusayidi) 'Kwa valence wamkulu, ndi' oxide (ndi chinthu chokhala ndi chokwanira 'chimbalangondo', monga akakhala okusayidi)’
- Element ikakhala ndi ma valence atatu, oxideyo izitchedwa 'oxide (ndipo chinthu chomwe chili ndi choyambirira' hiccup 'ndi chinenezo' chimbalangondo ', monga okusayidi ya hyposulfurous) 'Pansi pa valence yotsika kwambiri, idzatchedwa' oxide (ndi chinthu chokhala ndi chokwanira 'chimbalangondo', monga sulphate okusayidi) ya valence yapakatikati, ndi 'oxide (ndi chinthu chokhala ndi chosakwanira' ico ', monga sulfuric okusayidi)’
- Pomwe elementi ili ndi ma valence anayi, oxideyo itchedwa:
- 'Oxide (ndi chinthu chokhala ndi dzina loyambirira' hiccup 'ndi chinenezo' chimbalangondo ')' cha valence wotsikitsitsa. Mwachitsanzo, okusayidizokhala ndi hypochlorous.
- 'Oxide (ndi chinthu chokhala ndi chokwanira' chimbalangondo ') cha valence yachiwiri yaying'ono kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala enaake okusayidi.
- 'Oxide (ndi chinthu chomwe chili ndi cholumikizira chomangidwa' '') 'cha valence yachiwiri yayikulu kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala enaake okusayidi.
- 'Oxide (ndi chinthu chomwe chili ndi choyambirira' pa 'ndi cholembera' '') 'pa valence yayikulu kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, perchloric okusayidi.
Pulogalamu ya mwadzina mwadongosolo Ndiosavuta kuposa yachikhalidwe, ndipo oxide ndi elementi amatchulidwa, koma asanatchulidwe iliyonse maatomu omwe ali nawo mu molekyuluyo. Choyambirira 'mono' chidzakhala cha atomu imodzi, dzina loyambirira 'di' la awiri, 'tri' la atatu, 'tetra' ya anayi, 'penta' ya asanu, 'hexa' yachisanu ndi chimodzi, ' hepta 'for seven and the' octo 'for eyiti. Gulu ili limaphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, diso losakaniza monoxide, dialuminium trioxide, mpweya woipa, kapena difluorine monoxide.
Pulogalamu ya Zolemba pamasheyaPomaliza, zimakhazikitsidwa polemba mawu oti oxide, yotsatiridwa ndi dzina lachitsulo ndi nambala ya makutidwe ndi okosijeni kapena valence yomwe imagwiranso ntchito, m'mabulaketi ndi manambala achiroma. Mofananamo ndi mayina amwambo, adzalembedwa klorini (I) oksidi chifukwa cha hypochlorous oxide, klorini (II) oksidi kwa oxide ya chlorous, klorini (III) okusayidi kwa chloric oxide, ndi klorini (IV) okusayidi chifukwa cha oxide wa perchloric.
Tsatirani ndi:
- Kodi zidulo zimatchedwa bwanji?
