Mchere

Zamkati

• Madipoziti amchere
• Maminera ena amapezeka m'chilengedwe
• Itha kukutumikirani
• Mitundu ya mchere
• Katundu

Pulogalamu ya mchereNdi zinthu zachilengedwe za mankhwala omwe amapezeka, omwe amapezeka mumiyala yosiyanasiyana, chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwa nthaka.

Ngakhale mchere wina umapangidwa ndi chinthu chimodzi (mchere wakomweko), ambiri mwa iwo apangidwa kuchokera zimachitikira mankhwala zomwe zidachitika m'magawo oyamba apadziko lapansi nthawi yayitali ndipo zimaphatikizaponso zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala.

Mchere waukulu umagwirizana ndi mabanja amankhwala a sulfide, sulphate ndi sulfosalts; Palinso mchere wamba wamba oxides, carbonates, nitrate, borates, phosphates ndipo ziphuphu.

Chiwerengero cha kuphatikiza komwe kungachitike zinthu zamagulu ndizodabwitsa kwambiri ndipo amafotokozera, mwa zina, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mawonekedwe, mitundu, makulidwe ndi mawonekedwe zoperekedwa ndi mchere. Zochitika zakumlengalenga ndi zachilengedwe zimakhudzanso mapangidwe awa.

Itha kukutumikirani:

• Zitsanzo za miyala ya Igneous
• Zitsanzo za Mchere Wamchere

Madipoziti amchere

Pulogalamu ya madipoziti amchere ndi malo osungira zinthu izi omwe anthu amakono akuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zakukula kwa makampani.

Kuti mupeze mchere, ndikofunikira kutero migodindiye kuti, zitsime zowongoka zomwe zimasunthira kuzipinda zazitali.

Izi zikufalikira kutsatira miyala yamchere mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito, koma mutha kukhalanso ndi migodi yotseguka, ngati mcherewo ulipo pamwamba.

Pulogalamu ya migodi ndi chiopsezo chachikulu pantchito chifukwa cha ngozi komanso zoopsa kwambiri, chifukwa chakufuna zinthu zopweteketsa za thirakiti.

Maminiti makumi awiri alembedwa pansipa, mwachitsanzo:

1. chalcopyrite: wachikasu wonyezimira, nthawi zambiri amapezeka mumitundu yayikulu. Pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu a kulemera kwake kumagwirizana ndi chitsulo ndi mkuwa, chifukwa chake chalcopyrite imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'mafakitale. Nthawi zina mumatha kukhala ndi golide ndi siliva, chifukwa chake chidwi chake chimakula.
2. azurite: ndi mchere wofewa wokhala ndi mtundu wabuluu, wolumikizidwa ndi malachite, nthawi zambiri umakhudza mchere wosiyanasiyana womwe ulipo kumtunda kwa madipoziti. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mwala wokongoletsera komanso ngati wowoneka bwino.
3. malachite: amachotsa pamwala wofewa womwe ndalama zake zazikulu zili ku Zaire lero. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zodzikongoletsera, ngakhale mankhwala amathandizidwanso.
4. magnetite: Amapezeka m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamiyala yamagneous kapena metamorphic, ndi mchere wachitsulo. Ndi yopepuka komanso yolimba, komanso yokhazikika pamatenthedwe otentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala chotetezera chabwino pamachubu otentha. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale kumafikira pakumanga, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito konkire.
5. golide wakomweko: chitsulo chamtengo wapatali chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamiyala yamtengo wapatali ndi osula golide, ogwiritsidwanso ntchito pamagetsi, mano opangira mano komanso zaluso za pulasitiki. Mtengo wake wapamwamba umalumikizidwa ndikusowa ndi zovuta kuti upeze, izi zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwake.
6. aragonite: ndimitundu yambiri, imapezeka m'mitsempha yama hydrothermal, makamaka m'malo otentha. Mitundu ina imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati miyala yokongoletsera.
7. mbali: Amapangidwa m'malo okhala ndi madambo okhala ndi zinthu zambiri, amakhala ndi utoto pakati pa bulauni wachikaso ndi utoto wobiriwira. Kufunika kwake kwakukulu ndikutulutsa chitsulo, ndichifukwa chake chikuwoneka ngati chimbudzi chofunikira pamakampani azitsulo.
8. bauxite: thanthwe lopangidwa makamaka ndi alumina. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopepuka komanso zopepuka, zofewa komanso zadongo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira kuti atenge zotayidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kofunikira, chifukwa zotayidwa ndizofunikira pamafakitale osiyanasiyana.
9. cerussite: imabwera mumitundu pakati pa zoyera, zotuwa kapena zakuda, ngakhale imatha kukhalanso yopanda utoto. Yogwirizana ndi mchere woyamba monga galena ndi sphalerite, imayimira chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chopeza kutsogolera.
10. chitsulo: mchere wofanana ndi golide, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza asidi sulfuric. Kufanana kwawo ndi golide kwakhala chinthu chonyenga, ngakhale kuti maso ophunzitsidwa ndi mchere wodziwika bwino.
11. alireza: mchere wopangidwa makamaka ndi magnesium carbonate, wofiira mpaka pinki, wowonekera pang'ono. Ikupezeka ku Argentina, United States ndi Russia, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira pazodzikongoletsera mpaka kupanga mafano.
12. khwatsi: yopanda utoto yoyera, koma yokhoza kutengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ikaphatikizidwa. Ili ndi zida zopangira ma piezoelectric (imayankha pamakina popanga magetsi), omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa zida. Ndiwo mchere wochuluka kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndipo ma Brazil ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
13. feldspars: mchere wolimba komanso wochuluka, sungani kutentha kwambiri (kuposa 900 ° C). Amagwiritsa ntchito popanga zida zamagetsi zowotcherera, komanso pamakampani opanga magalasi ndi ziwiya zadothi.
14. mica yakuda: amapanga 3.8% ya kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi, ali ndi mawonekedwe monga kukana kutentha ndi madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala mchere wofunikira pamsika. Magalimoto amagetsi amapangidwa ndi mica, yomwe imangosungunuka pakatentha kopitilira 1200 ° C.
15. azitona: nthawi zambiri imakhala yobiriwira, ngakhale nthawi zina imakhala yopanda utoto. Ndi yolimba kwambiri ndipo imapezeka mumiyala yamiyala ya dolomitic. Miyala yomwe ili nayo imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zotsutsa, ndipo mitundu yake yowonekera imafunidwa ngati miyala yamtengo wapatali.
16. calcite: zigawo zazikuluzikulu za mabulo ndi zina zotero. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa zosafunika za siliceous ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani opanga. Itha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
17. kuponya: Amachotsedwa m'mayenje otseguka kapena pansi panthaka, makamaka, kudzera pantchito zomwe zimafunikira mphamvu zambiri. Mchere uwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito zambiri, koma mosakaika chachikulu ndicho kuphatikiza chisakanizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zomangamanga.
18. sulfure: chikasu chosakhala chachitsulo. Imatha kuyaka kwambiri ndipo imasungunuka m'madzi amtundu uliwonse. Ndi gawo lazinthu zambiri zomwe anthu amachita.
19. borax: galasi loyera lomwe limasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi. Amapezeka mu zotsukira ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mu zodzikongoletsera zosungunulira golide ndi siliva, komanso m'makampani opanga magalasi ndi matabwa.
20. mchere: madera akulu aku South America adaphimbidwa ndi malo okhala ndi mchere omwe amakhala ndi mchere wosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza sodium chloride, womwe umapangidwa ndi mchere wa patebulo.

Maminera ena amapezeka m'chilengedwe

Itha kukutumikirani

• Zitsanzo za miyala ya Igneous
• Zitsanzo za Makampani Olemera
• Zitsanzo za Mchere Wamchere

Mitundu ya mchere

Mchere umatha kupanga makina oonera tinthu ting'onoting'ono, potsatira dongosolo lokhazikika, kapena kusakhazikika, popanda mawonekedwe kapena dongosolo.

Oyambirira amatchedwa miyala yamchere, Izi zimapanga magawo azithunzi monga ma cubes, prism, mapiramidi ndi ena. Angapo mwa miyala yomwe amati ndi yamtengo wapatali, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazodzikongoletsera, ili pamenepo. Masekondi ndiwo mchere amorphous.

Komanso, alipo zachitsulo komanso zosakhala zachitsulo. Kuchokera koyambirira, zida zofunika kwambiri zimatha kupezeka makampani, ngati chitsulo, mkuwa kapena mtovu; yotsirizira amatchedwanso mchere petrogenetics, chifukwa amalumikizidwa ndi miyala ina yopanga miyala, ndipo alinso ndi ntchito zofunikira, makamaka pakapangidwe kazida za zomangamanga, ngati laimu kapena simenti.

Katundu

Katundu wa mchere ndikofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito. Izi nthawi zambiri zimagawika m'magulu atatu: zojambula, zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala.

Zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ndi thupi ndi mankhwala, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mawonekedwe amakina monga kuuma kapena kuuma; mawonekedwe ngati kukonzanso ndi ma elekitiroma ngati madutsidwe ndi kukopa maginito. Zofanana kapena kunyezimira zitha kukhala zosangalatsa.