Zitsanzo za ma Cellular Organelles (ndi ntchito zawo) - Encyclopedia

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Organelles m'maselo a eukaryotic
Organelles m'maselo a prokaryotic
Zitsanzo za organelles m'maselo a eukaryotic
Zitsanzo za ma organelles m'maselo a prokaryotic

Pulogalamu ya organelles kapena ma cell a ma cell ndi nyumba zomwe zili mkati mwa selo iliyonse. Amasiyana morpholoji ndipo amasiyana wina ndi mzake ndi ntchito yomwe aliyense amakwaniritsa mkati mwa selo. Mwachitsanzo: mitochondria, zida za Golgi, ma ribosomes.

Organelles amapezeka m'maselo a eukaryotic ndi prokaryotic. Mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwama organelles omwe khungu limakhala nawo kumadalira mwachindunji momwe amagwirira ntchito ndi kapangidwe kake. Mwachitsanzo: maselo obzala ali ndi chloroplast organelle (yomwe imayambitsa photosynthesis).

Organelles m'maselo a eukaryotic

Maselo a eukaryotic ndi omwe ali ndi khungu lomwe lili ndi DNA. Amapezeka m'magulu amtundu umodzi komanso amitundu yambiri. Mwachitsanzo: khungu la nyama, khungu lazomera.

Maselo amtunduwu amapangidwa ndi kapangidwe kamene kali ndi nembanemba, khungu lam'magazi ndi cytoplasm (komwe kumapezeka nambala yayikulu kwambiri yama cell). Organelles amalola kuti ma eukaryotic cell akhale odziwika kwambiri kuposa ma prokaryotic.

Itha kukuthandizani: Maselo apadera

Organelles m'maselo a prokaryotic

Maselo a Prokaryotic ndi omwe alibe khungu. Amapezeka m'zinthu zamagulu amodzi. Amakhala ndi kapangidwe kakang'ono ndipo ndi ovuta kuposa ma cell a eukaryotic. Mwachitsanzo: a mabakiteriya, zipilala.

Mosiyana ndi ma eukaryotic cell, ma prokaryote amakhala ndi ma organelles ocheperako m'mapangidwe awo, omwe amasiyanasiyana kutengera mawonekedwe ndi ntchito ya selo iliyonse ndipo amapezeka mwa ena okha. Mwachitsanzo: ribosomes kapena plasmids.

Maselo a Prokaryotic amagawana nembanemba, cytoplasm, ribosomes, ndi majini ndi khungu la eukaryotic.

Zitsanzo za organelles m'maselo a eukaryotic

Ma khoma. Kapangidwe kolimba kamene kamateteza maselo omwe amapezeka mu zomera, bowa, ndi ma cell ena a prokaryotic. Amapangidwa ndi chakudya komanso zomanga thupi. Khoma lamaselili limateteza khungu ku chilengedwe chakunja.
Nembanemba ya m'magazi. Lipid bilayer yopyapyala yomwe imakhala ndi mamolekyulu a mapuloteni. Ndi zotanuka ndipo ntchito yake ndikuwongolera kulowa ndi kutuluka kwa zinthu mu selo. Imateteza kapangidwe ndi kukhulupirika kwa khungu pazinthu zakunja. Ikupezekanso m'maselo a prokaryotic.
Mapeto a endoplasmic reticulum. Maukonde omwe amapezeka pafupifupi m'maselo onse a eukaryotic. Ntchito yake ndi kaphatikizidwe ndi kayendedwe ka mapuloteni. Ili ndi ma ribosomes omwe amawoneka owuma.
Yosalala endoplasmic reticulum. Kakhungu kamene kamapitilizabe ndi ma endoplasmic reticulum koma alibe ribosomes.Ntchito zake zimaphatikizapo mayendedwe am'maselo, kaphatikizidwe ka lipid komanso kusungira calcium.
Ma Ribosomes. Ma supramolecular complexes omwe amapezeka kwambiri pafupifupi m'maselo onse a eukaryotic. Ntchito yake ndikupanga mapuloteni ochokera kuzomwe zili mu DNA. Amapezeka mwaulere mu cytoplasm kapena amamangiriridwa ku reticulum yovuta ya endoplasmic. Amakhalanso m'maselo a prokaryotic.
Zipangizo za Golgi. Mndandanda wa nembanemba omwe ntchito yake ndikunyamula ndikunyamula mapuloteni. Ndiwo ntchito yopanga gluco-lipids ndi gluco-protein.
Mitochondria. Kapangidwe kazithunzi zazitali kapena zowulungika zomwe zimapereka mphamvu ku selo. Amapanga adenosine triphosphate (ATP) kudzera kupuma kwama cell. Amapezeka pafupifupi m'maselo onse a eukaryotic.
Kutulutsa. Mawonekedwe omwe amapezeka m'maselo onse obzala. Zimasiyana kutengera khungu lomwe ali. Ntchito yawo ndikusunga ndi mayendedwe. Amathandizira kukulira kwa ziwalo zazomera ndi zotupa. Kuphatikiza apo, amalowererapo pakuthandizira homeostasis (kuwongolera thupi).
Ma microtubules. Zipangizo zamatope zomwe zimakhala ndi ntchito zake: mayendedwe amtundu wama cell, mayendedwe ndi kayendedwe ka organelles mchipinda ndikulowererapo m'magulu am'magazi (onse mu mitosis ndi meiosis).
Zolemba Matumba amkati mwa cell omwe ntchito yake ndikusungira, kutumiza kapena kuwongolera zinyalala zama cell. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi chotupa ndi nembanemba.
Lysosomes Matumba ozungulira omwe ali ndi michere ya m'mimba. Ntchito zawo zimaphatikizapo kuyendetsa mapuloteni, kusungunuka kwa ma cell ndi phagocytosis ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amalimbana ndi khungu. Amapezeka m'maselo azinyama onse. Amapangidwa ndi zida za Golgi.
Mphuno. Kapangidwe kakang'ono kamene kali ndi DNA mkati mwa ma macromolecule otchedwa chromosomes. Amapezeka m'maselo a eukaryotic okha.
Nyukiliya Dera lomwe lili mkati mwa nyukiliya yopangidwa ndi RNA ndi mapuloteni. Ntchito yake ndi kaphatikizidwe ka ribosomal RNA.
Ma chloroplast. Minda imapezeka kokha mu algae ndi maselo obzala. Iwo ali ndi udindo wopanga ndondomeko ya photosynthesis mu selo. Ali ndi matumba amkati okhala ndi chlorophyll.
Matenda a khansa. Zozungulira kapena zazitali zomwe zimakhala ndi melanin, pigment yomwe imatenga kuwala. Amapezeka m'maselo azinyama.
Centrosome. Malo olinganizira ma Microtubule amapezeka m'maselo ena anyama. Amachita nawo gawo logawa ma cell ndi mayendedwe. Konzani ma microtubules amaselo.
Ma cytoskeleton Chimango cha mapuloteni omwe amapatsa kapangidwe kake komanso kapangidwe kazinthu zamkati mwa selo. Imatenga nawo mbali m'magulu azigawo zamagalimoto komanso magawano am'magulu.
Cilia. Ma villi ang'onoang'ono, ochepa komanso angapo omwe amalola kuyenda kwama cell ndikunyamula. Amapezeka pamwamba pamitundu yambiri yamaselo.
Lembani. Makina azigawo zazitali komanso zazing'ono zomwe zimalola kusuntha kwa maselo ndikuthandizira kugwidwa kwa chakudya.
Peroxisomes. Zida zooneka ngati vesi zomwe zimakwaniritsa kagayidwe ntchito. Amapezeka m'maselo ambiri a eukaryotic.
Amyloplast. Mitengo yomwe imapezeka m'maselo ena obzala omwe ntchito yake ndikusungira wowuma.
Ma Chromoplast. Zipinda zomwe zimapezeka m'maselo ena azomera zomwe zimasunga inki zomwe zimapatsa maluwa maluwa, zimayambira, zipatso, ndi mizu mtundu wawo.
Mapuloteni. Minda yopezeka m'maselo ena azomera omwe ntchito yake ndikusunga mapuloteni.
Maluwa. Mbale zomwe zimapezeka m'maselo ena azomera omwe ntchito yake ndikusungira mafuta kapena mafuta.
Chidwi. Mtundu wa peroxisome umapezeka m'maselo ena obzala omwe amasintha lipids kukhala chakudya panthawi yakumera kwa mbewu.
Acrosome. Vesicle yomwe ili kumapeto kwa mutu wa umuna yomwe imakhala ndi michere ya hydrolytic.
Hydrogenosome. Kakhungu kocheperako kamene kamatulutsa ma hydrogen ndi ATP.

Zitsanzo za ma organelles m'maselo a prokaryotic

Nucleoid. Dera lopangidwa mosiyanasiyana la ma prokaryotic omwe amakhala ndi DNA ya selo.
Plasmids Zozungulira zomwe zimakhala ndi majini a selo. Amatchedwanso "majini oyenda." Amapezeka m'mabakiteriya ndi archaea.
Pili. Zowonjezera zomwe zimapezeka pamwamba pa mabakiteriya ambiri. Amakwaniritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana monga kuyenda kwa selo kapena kulumikizana pakati pa mabakiteriya.