Zamkati
Pulogalamu ya ndakatulo Ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zolembedwa ndipo mwinanso zaulere kwambiri malinga ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsa. Malembo a ndakatulo amatchedwa "ndakatulo", zomwe zitha kulembedwa mu vesi (ambiri) kapena mu seweroli.
Olambira zamtunduwu amatchedwa olemba ndakatulo ndipo chidwi chawo chimakonda kukhala chifukwa cha iwo. Komabe, sizowona kuti ndakatulo zimangokhudza zokhazokha, kutengeka, chikondi kapena chisangalalo kapena chisoni: nkhani iliyonse ndiyofunika kuti wolemba ndakatuloyo aiganizire.
- Itha kukutumikirani: Ntchito yandakatulo
Makhalidwe a ndakatulo
Ndakatulo zambiri zimalembedwa potengera malamulo ndi kagwiridwe kake ka mita. M'malingaliro achikale kwambiri a ndakatulo, nyimbo (zomwe zingakhale makonsonanti kapena matanthauzo) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pamawu omaliza a vesi lililonse. Ndipo mavesiwa, nawonso, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi magawo (ofanana ndi ndime yolembedwa wamba).
Komabe, pakadali pano vesi laulere lopanda nyimbo limawerengedwa kuti ndi ndakatulo, kulola munthu aliyense kuti azilankhula zakukhosi kwawo, mwamalingaliro komanso momveka bwino momwe angafunire. Ponena za malamulowa, ndakatulo imagwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zingasinthe galamala ndi matchulidwe potenga "ziphaso za ndakatulo" zina.
Nthano zimasiyanitsidwa kwambiri ndi mitundu ya azilongo ake (nkhani, nkhani ndi zisudzo) ndizinthu zina zodziwika bwino: ndakatulo sizimanena nthano (monga nkhani), sizikambirana mutu (monga nkhani), komanso sizimabweretsa zomwe zimachitika (monga sewero).
Mwanjira imeneyi, ndi mtundu wofotokozera, womwe ungagwiritse ntchito mafanizo ndi zida zina zolemba ndi cholinga chokometsera chilankhulo ndikufalitsa cholinga chofuna cha wolemba.
- Onaninso: Zithunzi zandakatulo
Zitsanzo za ndakatulo
- "Zingwe zisanu ndi chimodzi" zolembedwa ndi Federico García Lorca
Gitala
amalira maloto.
Kulira kwa miyoyo
zotayika
amatuluka pakamwa pake
kuzungulira.
Ndipo monga tarantula,
imaluka nyenyezi yayikulu
kusaka kuusa moyo,
kuti tiwolokere wakuda wanu
chitsime chamatabwa.
- "Botolo kunyanja" lolembedwa ndi Mario Benedetti
Ndinaika mavesi asanu ndi limodzi mu botolo langa kunyanja
ndimapangidwe achinsinsi omwe tsiku limodzi
Ndinafika pagombe lomwe latsala pang'ono kutayika
ndipo mwana amachipeza ndikuchipeza
ndipo mmalo mwa mavesi amatulutsa miyala
ndi thandizo ndi zidziwitso ndi nkhono.
- "Wowopsa" wolemba Rubén Darío
Wodala ndi mtengo, womwe ndiwosazindikira,
ndipo makamaka mwala wolimba chifukwa sunamvekenso,
chifukwa palibe kuwawa koposa kupweteka kwa kukhala ndi moyo,
kapena chisoni chachikulu kuposa kuzindikira moyo.
Kukhala osadziwa chilichonse, ndikukhala opanda malangizo ena,
ndi mantha okhala ndi mantha amtsogolo ...
Ndipo zowopsa zakufa mawa,
ndi kuvutika moyo ndi mthunzi ndi
zomwe sitidziwa ndipo sitimakayikira,
ndi mnofu woyesedwa ndi magulu ake atsopano,
ndi manda omwe akuyembekezera ndi maluwa ake amaliro,
Ndipo osadziwa kumene tikupita,
kapena komwe timachokera! ...
- "Zinthu" zolembedwa ndi Alfonsina Storni
Ndimakhala m'makoma anayi amasamu
zogwirizana ndi mita. Wopanda chidwi wandizungulira
miyoyo yomwe silingalawe ngakhale chidutswa chimodzi
za malungo abuluu omwe amadyetsa chimera changa.
Ndimavala ubweya wabodza womwe ndimayatsa imvi.
Raven yomwe imasunga fleur de lis pansi pa mapiko ake.
Mlomo wanga wowopsa komanso wowopsa umandiseketsa
kuti ndimakhulupirira kuti ndine wachinyengo komanso cholepheretsa.
- "Mwezi" wolemba Jorge Luis Borges
Muli kusungulumwa kochuluka mu golide ameneyo.
Mwezi wausiku si mwezi
kuti Adamu woyamba kuona. Zaka zambiri
aidzaza ndi kudzuka kwaumunthu
za kulira kwakale. Yang'anani pa iye. Ndi galasi lanu.
- "Nsapato" za Charles Bukowski
ukadali wachinyamata
awiri
za nsapato
chachikazi
nsapato zazitali
osasunthika
wosungulumwa
kuchipinda
atha kuyatsa
mafupa anu;
ukadzakalamba
ali olungama
nsapato
wopanda
palibe aliyense
mwa iwo
ndipo
nawonso.
- "Kwa nyenyezi yausiku" wolemba William Blake
Iwe, mngelo wakuda usiku,
Tsopano, dzuwa likamakhala kumapiri, kumawala
tiyi wanu wachikondi wowala! Valani korona wonyezimira
ndikumwetulira pabedi pathu usiku!
Sekelerani pazokonda zathu ndipo, mukamayendetsa
Zovala za buluu zakumwamba, pitani mame anu asiliva
pamwamba pa maluwa onse omwe amatseka maso awo okoma
ku maloto oyenera. Mulole mphepo yanu yakumadzulo igonemo
nyanja. Nenani chete ndi kunyezimira kwa maso anu
ndikutsuka fumbi ndi siliva. Presto, presto,
mwasiya; Ndiyeno Nkhandwe ija ikukalipa mokwiya kulikonse
ndipo mkango ukuponya moto m'maso mwake m'nkhalango yakuda.
Ubweya wamakola athu amphongo waphimbidwa nawo
mame anu opatulika; atetezeni ndi chisomo chanu.
- "Kusalakwa Komaliza" wolemba Alejandra Pizarnik
Nyamukani
mu thupi ndi mzimu
chokani.
Nyamukani
Chotsani oyang'anitsitsa
miyala yopondereza
amene amagona pakhosi.
Ndiyenera kuchoka
sipadzakhalanso inertia pansi pano
magazi sanadabwitsenso
sipadzakhalanso mzere woti ufe.
Ndiyenera kuchoka
Koma phuma, wapaulendo!
- "Masewera omwe timayendamo" wolemba Juan Gelman
Ndikapatsidwa chisankho, ndikadasankha
thanzi ili lakudziwa kuti tikudwala kwambiri,
ali wokondwa kukhala wosasangalala kwambiri.
Ndikapatsidwa chisankho, ndikadasankha
kusalakwa uku osakhala wosalakwa,
chiyero ichi chimene ndikuyendamo chodetsedwa.
Ndikapatsidwa chisankho, ndikadasankha
chikondi ichi chomwe ndimadana nacho,
chiyembekezo ichi chomwe chimadya mkate wosimidwa.
Izi zimachitika, ambuye,
kuti ndipachika imfa.
- "Mirar" wolemba Rafael Cadenas
Ndikuwona njira ina, njira yanthawiyo, njira yowonera, yogalamuka, yosavuta, Sagittarius! Viscera nsonga, daimondi yayikulu, nkhwangwa, njira ya mphezi, njira yamaso zikwi, njira yaulemerero, njira yolowera ku dzuwa, chiwonetsero cha kuwala kwa ray tsopano, kwa ray iyi, njira yachifumu ndi gulu lake lankhondo zipatso zamoyo zomwe malonda ake ali malo amenewo kulikonse komanso kulikonse.
- "Kutsogolo kwa nyanja" wolemba Octavio Paz
1
Mafunde alibe mawonekedwe?
M'kamphindi kake kamatuluka
ndi ina imagwa
momwe imatulukira, mozungulira.
Kuyenda kwake ndi mawonekedwe ake.
2
Mafunde akubwerera
Haunches, misana, mapesi?
koma mafunde amabwerera
Mabere, mkamwa, thovu?
3
Nyanja yafa ndi ludzu.
Ikugwedezeka, popanda wina,
patsinde pake.
Amafa ndi ludzu la mpweya.
- "La poesía" wolemba Eugenio Montejo
Nthano zimadutsa dziko lapansi lokha,
thandizani mawu anu mu ululu wa dziko lapansi
ndipo palibe chofunsa
ngakhale mawu.
Imachokera kutali komanso popanda nthawi, sichenjeza konse;
Ali ndi kiyi wachitseko.
Kulowa nthawi zonse kuyima kuti atiwonere.
Kenako amatsegula dzanja lake ndikutipatsa
duwa kapena mwala, china chinsinsi,
koma kwambiri kotero kuti mtima umagunda
mofulumira kwambiri. Ndipo tidadzuka.
- "Nthawi zina zimawoneka kwa ine ..." wolemba Roberto Juarroz
Nthawi zina zimawoneka kwa ine
kuti tili pakati
wachipanichi
Komabe
mkati mwa phwandolo
palibe aliyense
Pakatikati pa phwandolo
pali zachabechabe
Koma pakati pa chosowacho
pali phwando lina.
- "Silencio" wolemba Pablo Neruda
Ine yemwe ndinakulira mkati mwa mtengo
Ndikanakhala ndi zambiri zoti ndinene
koma ndidaphunzira chete
kuti ndili ndi zambiri zoti nditseke
ndipo amadziwika kuti akukula
popanda chisangalalo china kuposa kukula,
osakondanso kuposa chinthucho,
popanda kuchitapo kanthu koma kusalakwa,
ndi mkati mwa nthawi yagolide
mpaka kutalika kumamuyitana
kuti lisanduke lalanje.
- "Makalata kwa mlendo" wolemba Nicanor Parra
Zaka zikamapita, zikamadutsa
zaka ndi mlengalenga zakumba dzenje
pakati pa moyo wako ndi wanga; pamene zaka zimapita
Ndipo ndine munthu wokonda
munthu amene adayimilira kwakanthawi patsogolo pa milomo yako,
munthu wosauka wotopa kuyenda m'minda,
Udzakhala kuti Kuti
udzakhala, o mwana wamkazi wa kupsompsona kwanga!
- "Pambuyo pa nkhondo" yolembedwa ndi Jotamario Arbeláez
tsiku lina
nkhondo itatha
ngati kuli nkhondo
ngati pambuyo pa nkhondo pali tsiku
Ndikutenga m'manja mwanga
tsiku limodzi pambuyo pa nkhondo
ngati kuli nkhondo
ngati pambuyo pa nkhondo pali tsiku
ngati nkhondo itatha ndili ndi zida
ndipo ndidzakukondani ndi chikondi
tsiku limodzi pambuyo pa nkhondo
ngati kuli nkhondo
ngati pambuyo pa nkhondo pali tsiku
ngati nkhondo itatha pali chikondi
ndipo ngati pali china choti mupange naye chikondi
- "Thupi lamaliseche" wolemba José Lezama Lima
Thupi lamaliseche m'bwatomo.
Nsomba amagona pafupi amaliseche
zomwe zinathawa mthupi zimathira
kadontho katsopano ka siliva.
Pakati pa nkhalango ndi mfundoyi
Boti lokhazikika limatuluka.
Mphepo imanjenjemera pakhosi panga
ndipo mbalameyo inasanduka nthunzi.
Maginito pakati pa masamba
amaluka korona wapawiri.
Basi nthambi yakugwa
osavulaza bwato lomwe likusankha
mtengo womwe umakumbukira
kulota njoka mumthunzi.
- "Chilumba cholemera" (chidutswa) cholembedwa ndi Virgilio Piñera
Mavuto azamadzi kulikonse
Amandikakamiza kuti ndikhale patebulo la khofi.
Ngati sindimaganiza kuti madzi andizinga ngati khansa
Ndikadatha kugona tulo tofa nato.
Pamene anyamata amakhetsa zovala zawo kuti azisambira
anthu khumi ndi awiri adamwalira mchipinda chifukwa chothinikizidwa.
Wopemphayo atazemba m'madzi mbandakucha
panthawi yeniyeni pamene amatsuka limodzi la mawere ake,
Ndazolowera kununkha kwa doko,
Ndimazolowera mkazi yemweyo yemwe nthawi zonse amadziseweretsa maliseche,
usiku ndi usiku, msirikali amene amayang'anira pakati pa maloto a nsomba.
Kapu ya khofi siyingandichotsere lingaliro langa lokhazikika
Ndinkakonda kukhala mwa Adamu.
Kodi nchiyani chomwe chidabweretsa kusintha kwamphamvu?
- "Kukhala pa akufa" (Chidutswa) cholembedwa ndi Miguel Hernández
Kukhala pa akufa
omwe akhala chete miyezi iwiri,
nsapato zopanda pake
ndikugwiritsa ntchito moopsa
dzanja la mtima
ndi moyo wosunga.
Liwu langa likweze kumapiri
nubwere pansi ndi bingu,
ndizomwe ndimafunsa pakhosi
kuyambira tsopano kufikira nthawi zonse.
- "Mumavula zomwezo ..." wolemba Jaime Sabinas
Mumavula chimodzimodzi ngati kuti muli nokha
ndipo mwadzidzidzi mupeza kuti muli ndi ine.
Momwe ndimakukonderani ndiye
pakati pa mapepala ndi kuzizira!
Uyamba kundikopa ngati mlendo
ndipo ndikukupanga iwe kukhala bwalo lamaliro ndi lofunda.
Ndikuganiza kuti ndine mamuna wako
ndi kuti mumandinyenga.
Ndipo momwe timakonderana ndiye tikuseka
kudzipeza tokha mu chikondi choletsedwa!
(Pambuyo pake, zitachitika, ndikukuopani
ndipo ndimamva kuzizira.)
Zitsanzo zambiri mu:
- Ndakatulo zazifupi
- Ndakatulo Zachikondi
- Nthano zachinyengo
