Zamkati
Ngakhale lingaliro la 'ziganizo zosakhazikika' silikugwirizana mwanjira iliyonse ndi chilankhulo cha Chingerezi, dzinali limadziwika ndi Ziganizo zomwe zimakhala ndi chizoloŵezi chosazolowereka monga mawu olankhulira.
Kusiyanitsa kumeneku, komwe kumatha kufotokozedwera kuzilankhulo zina zambiri, ndi komwe kumasiyanitsa ziganizo zomwe zimatsata malamulo olumikizana ndi omwe ali ndi kulumikizana kwina.
Zenizeni zosasinthasintha
Palibe chikhalidwe china chomwe chimalola kuzindikira ndi kusiyanitsa choyambirira verebu lochokera nthawi zonse. Mwambiri, zenizeni zenizeni zimakhala wokhazikika, zomwe zikutanthawuza mu Chingerezi kuti kulumikizana kwake kwa nthawi yapitayi - zonsezi zazing'ono komanso zam'mbuyomu zitha mu 'd' ngati kuti verebu limathera mu kalata 'e' ndi 'ed' ngati mawuwo atha mu kalata ina iliyonse.
Kwa fayilo ya osasinthasintha, Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, izi sizofanana ndipo Nthawi zonse kulumikizana kwam'mbuyomu kumatha kukhala kosiyana.
Mwachitsanzo, kulumikizana kwa verebu kuti 'kupita' m'mbuyomu ndi 'kupita': monga mukuwonera, palibe ngakhale chilembo chimodzi chomwe chidatsalira munthawi yapitayi, koma gawo lakale lidapita, lomwe limasunga osachepera tsinde.
Kumbali ina, verebu 'kupanga' limapangidwa 'pazochitika zonsezi, kusunga mizu ya galamala. Monga tanenera, m'mawu osazolowereka kulumikizana kwazinthu zosavuta zam'mbuyomu kumatha kusiyanitsa ndi komwe adatenga nawo gawo m'mbuyomu.
Onaninso:
- Zitsanzo za zenizeni zenizeni mu Chingerezi
- Zitsanzo za zenizeni zosasinthika mu Chingerezi
Njira zina
Mulimonsemo, ngakhale kuli kwakuthekera kofananira kwathunthu kwakumangirira kwa zenizeni zosasinthasintha, pali ena omwe amatsatira chiwembu chofananira chofananira.
Mwachitsanzo, pali ziganizo zosasinthasintha zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa, pamitundu yawo iwiri yapitayi, ndikumapeto kwa '-funidwa'. Izi ndi 'kuganiza', 'kugula' (kugula), 'kubweretsa' (kubweretsa), 'kumenya' (kumenya), 'kufunafuna' (kusaka).
Milandu iwiri yapaderadera yamawu osazolowereka ndi ma verbs omwe nthawi yomweyo amakwaniritsa ntchito yothandiza ndi kuthandiza: verebu 'have' (lomwe mu kulumikizana kwachiwiri kwa nthawi yapitayi ndi 'had') ndi verebu 'is / are' (m'mbuyomu zosavuta kukhala 'anali / anali' ndipo m'mbuyomu 'adakhala' ) ndi zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za izi.
Ngati pakadali pano mawuwa akuphatikizidwa ndi 'is / are + verebu ndi' ing ', m'mbuyomu kuphatikizika kudzakhala' anali / anali + mneni ndi 'ing'. Mofananamo, ngati angwiro pano akuphatikizidwa ndi 'have + participle', ndiye kuti ungwiro wakale uziphatikizidwa ndi 'had + participle'. Poterepa, pamapeto pake pakhoza kukhala kubwereza 'anali nako'.
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Andrea ndi mphunzitsi wachilankhulo, ndipo pa akaunti yake ya Instagram amaphunzitsa payekha pavidiyo kuti muphunzire kulankhula Chingerezi.
