Zamkati
M'munda wama psychology, zowongolera Ndi njira yokhazikitsira mitundu ina yazowongolera, kuti athe kupeza zochitika pamapeto omaliza maphunzirowa. Ndi, pafupifupi, mtundu wina wamaphunziro ndi / kapena maphunziro amakhalidwe.
Pali mitundu iwiri yazikhalidwe, malinga ndi kuwongolera komwe kumachitika pazokondoweza: zowongolera zakale komanso zogwira ntchito.
Pulogalamu ya zowongolera zakale, wotchedwanso Pavlovian polemekeza wophunzira wake wofunikira kwambiri, Iván Pavlov, amamvera njira yolimbikitsira yomwe mutu umatha kuyanjanitsa chochitika china ndi wina chifukwa chake ndi machitidwe omwe amayembekezera kwa iwo, mwa kuphatikiza zochitika zokumbukira . Kuyesera kotchuka kwambiri kwa Pavlov kunali kudyetsa galu atangoliza belu. Pambuyo pobwereza ndondomekoyi kangapo, galuyo anali atayamba kalevuvu kuyembekezera chakudya chomwe chikubwera.
Pulogalamu ya zowongoleraM'malo mwake, gawo lokulitsa kapena kuchepa kwazomwe zimatsimikizika, potengera mphotho ya mphotho. M'malo moyanjana ndi zokopa, kuphunzira kwamtunduwu kumakhazikika pakukula kwamakhalidwe atsopano, kuchokera kukulimbikitsidwa (zabwino kapena zoyipa: mphotho kapena chilango) cha zomwe mukufuna osati zomwe simukufuna. Wofufuza wamkulu, B. F. Skinner, ankakonda kumufufuza malo opanda zosokoneza otchedwa Skinner box, momwe amatha kuperekera chakudya poyesa nyama.
Zitsanzo zamakhalidwe akale
- Belu lopumira, m'masukulu, alengeza za kubwera kwa nthawi yopuma. Pofuna kubwereza, ophunzirawo adzaigwirizanitsa ndi malingaliro a ufulu ndi kupumula komwe amapeza panthawi yopuma.
- Mbale ya galu, komwe chakudya chimayikidwa, pongowonekera chitha kupatsira galu chisangalalo chodzidyetsa, chifukwa chikadakhala kuti chimagwirizanitsa mbaleyo ndi zomwe imakonda.
- Kusokonezeka maganizo kapena zokumana nazo zowopsa, zogwirizanitsidwa ndi malo ena ake, zimatulutsa chisangalalo chosasangalatsa kwa munthu amene adawavutikira akabwerera kumalo azomwezo, mwachitsanzo, kumalo opweteka kuyambira ali mwana.
- Fungo la mafuta onunkhira wa mnzanu wokondana naye, yemwe amadziwika patatha nthawi yayitali chibwenzicho chitatha, amatha kuberekanso pamutu womwe umalumikizidwa kapena wokondedwa wake wakale.
- Gwirani china chotentha Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokumana nazo zomwe ana amaphunzira mwachangu kupewa, kuphatikiza kupweteka kwa kuwotcha ndi chinthucho, mwachitsanzo, mbaula yoyaka kukhitchini.
- Lamba wachilango Idzalumikizidwa ndi zowawa zomwe zimapangira galu, chifukwa chake zimakhudzidwa ndikupezeka kwake modzitchinjiriza: kuthawa kapena kumuukira.
- Kubwera kwa mbuyeku kalasi zidzatsogoleredwa ndi mapazi anu akumveka. Akawazindikira, ophunzirawo abwerera kuma desiki awo ndikukhala ndi chikhalidwe chomwe adalumikiza kale ndi kukhalapo kwa olamulira.
- Kulira kwa khanda Ndi njira yoti mayi azisamalidwa ndikulandiridwa ndi chakudya kapena chakudya.Posakhalitsa mwanayo adzagwirizana kulira ndi kukhalapo kwa mayiyo.
- Nyimbo pa nthawi inayake itha kuphatikizidwa ndi zotengeka zomwe ntchitoyo imaphatikizapo, monga zimakhalira ndi mawonekedwe a Walanje wotchi (1971.
- Njira zina zochita Amagwira ntchito pamaziko a mgwirizano wodzifunira wokumbukira zoopsa ndi mitundu ina yakumbukiro yamtundu, kuti athetse kukondwererako pasiteji moyenera.
Zitsanzo zamachitidwe othandizira
- Agalu olondera amalimbikitsidwa ndi chilimbikitso chabwino nthawi iliyonse yomwe amenya mlendo kapena kuluma mbala. Kukhwima kwa galu kudzawonjezeka chifukwa kumagwirizanitsa mphothoyo ndi machitidwe ake ndikulimbikitsa kuti iwonjezere ndalama zomwe zalandilidwa.
- Ogulitsa amalimbikitsidwa kugulitsa kudzera mu dongosolo la mphotho ndi ma bonasi. Chiyembekezo cholandila bonasi ndikokwanira kulimbikitsa chidwi cha wogulitsa, monganso kusowa kwake kumafooketsa machitidwe osanyengerera.
- Maphunziro abwino ochokera kwa ana amapatsidwa mphotho ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi makolo, monga mphatso kapena zikondwerero. Kulimbitsa mtima kumeneku kumalumikizidwa ndi kuyeserera komweko ndikulimbikitsa magiredi owonjezeka.
- Zopereka pazogulitsa Amayesetsa kulimbikitsa zakumwa, kutipangitsa kuti tigule zochulukirapo.
- Ziweto zimaphunzitsidwa kuti zizipuma kudzera mu chilimbikitso chabwino akamachichita pamalo oyenera ndi chilango akapanga panja.
- Kukweza chigamulo cha akaidi pazifukwa zamakhalidwe abwino, imayesetsa kulimbikitsa maphunziro pochotsa zoyambitsa (kumangidwa).
- Wachinyamata wagwidwa akubapamayeso, ndipo makolo ake adamuletsa kupita kuphwando. Achichepere adzagwirizanitsa kutayika kwa zomwe akufuna ndikulakwitsa ndipo sadzachitanso.
- Olamulira opondereza amatontholetsa ofalitsa nkhani kudzera pakulimbikitsa, kugwiritsa ntchito zilango m'malo azachuma komanso oyang'anira akamadzudzula boma lililonse. Pamapeto pake kuwunikaku kumadzisandutsa wokha ndipo sing'anga imaphunzira kugonjera kuulamuliro.
- Kubwezera mphotho kwa angapo yamakhalidwe ena kudzera pazokakamiza komanso / kapena zolimbikitsana, zimalola kuphunzira limodzi zamphamvu zovomerezeka ndi zosavomerezeka pakati pa okonda.
- Kuponyedwa kophiphiritsa Ndizochitika zam'maganizo momwe olamulira (makamaka bambo) amalimbikitsira machitidwe ena achibadwa omwe amawawona ngati olakwika ndi anthu, monga kugonana pachibale.
