Zitsanzo za ma Colloids - Encyclopedia

Kanema: Types of Colloids and Their Properties

Pulogalamu ya colloids ali Zosakaniza zofananaMonga zothetsera, koma pano pamiyeso yaying'ono kwambiri, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta chinthu chimodzi kapena zingapo zimasiyanitsidwa, gawo lomwazika kapena lotha, lomwe limabalalika mu chinthu china chotchedwa kufalikira kapena gawo lopitilira.

Mawu colloid adayambitsidwa ndi katswiri wamagetsi waku Scotland a Thomas Graham mu 1861 ndipo lachokera ku mizu yachi Greek kolas (κoλλα), kutanthauza "zomwe zimatsatira"Kapena"osachita", Izi ndizokhudzana ndi Katundu wazinthu zamtunduwu kuti asadutse pazosefera zanthawi zonse.

Mu fayilo ya colloids, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timabalalika ndizokwanira kubalalitsa kuwala (mawonekedwe owoneka bwino otchedwa zotsatira za Tyndall), koma osachepera kwenikweni kuti angonongeke ndikulekanitsidwa. Kukhalapo kwa kuwala kumeneku kumapangitsa kusiyanitsa colloid ndi yankho kapena yankho. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono muli ndi pakati pakati pa 1 nanometer ndi micrometer; za mayankho ndizochepera kuposa nanometer imodzi.Magulu omwe amapanga ma colloids amatchedwa micelles.

Mkhalidwe wa colloid umatanthauzidwa ndi mawonekedwe akuthupi a gawo lobalalika, lomwe limatha kukhala lamadzi, lolimba kapena lampweya; gawo lomwe labalalika lingayenerane ndi umodzi mwamitundu itatu iyi, ngakhale m'magasi am'magazi omwe amakhala amadzimadzi kapena olimba.

Zinthu zama Colloidal ndizofunikira pakupanga zida zambiri zamafakitale zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso monga utoto, mapulasitiki, mankhwala ophera tizilombo pa ulimi, inki, simenti, sopo, mafuta, zotsekemera, zomatira ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Ma colloids omwe amapezeka m'nthaka amathandizira kusunga madzi ndi michere.

Mu zamankhwala, ma colloids kapena owonjezera plasma amathandizidwa kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa mitsempha kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe zimachitikira pogwiritsa ntchito crystalloids.

Colloids atha kukhala hydrophilic kapena hydrophobic. Ma Surfactants monga sopo (mchere wamchere wautali wamafuta) kapena zotsukira amapanga colloids zamagulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti hydrophobic colloids ikhale yolimba.

Pakhoza kusiyanitsidwa momveka bwino pakati pa gawo lobalalikalo ndi sing'anga yobalalika, amatchedwa colloid yosavuta. Palinso ma colloid ena ovuta kwambiri, monga makina opangira ma colloidal, momwe magawo onse amapangidwira ndi maukonde olumikizana (magalasi ophatikizika ndi ma gel ndi ma kirimu ambiri ali amtunduwu), ndi omwe amatchedwa colloids angapo, momwe makina obalalika amakhala limodzi ndi magawo awiri kapena kupitilira omwazika, omwe amagawanika bwino. Zitsanzo makumi awiri zama colloids zaperekedwa pansipa: