Kusamvetseka

Zamkati

• Mitundu yosamveka bwino
• Zitsanzo za kusamvetseka kwa polysemy
• Zitsanzo zosamveka bwino kuchokera zolakwika za galamala (amphibology)
• Zitsanzo zosamveka bwino

A kusamvetsetsa imachitika pamene mawu kapena mawu amalola kutanthauzira kawiri kapena kupitilira apo. Kusamvetseka konse kumatengera nkhani yake, ndiye kuti, kuchuluka kwa zidziwitso zomwe wolandirayo ali nazo pazomwe akukambirana.

Kuti tikwaniritse mawu omveka bwino, ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kusamvetsetsa ndikupereka zochitika zomwe sizisocheretsa.

Mawu ophatikizira ndi omwe amakhala ndi tanthauzo lopitilira chimodzi, chifukwa chake amavomereza kusamvetsetsa bwino ngati mawu sakudziwika.

• Onaninso: Mayina osokoneza

Mitundu yosamveka bwino

• Kusamvetsetsa chifukwa cha polysemy. Zimapezeka pamene mawu ali ndi tanthauzo loposa limodzi ndipo sizikudziwika kuti amatanthauza uti. Mwachitsanzo: Ndi munthu wolemekezeka. / Lingatanthauze kukhala ndi udindo wapamwamba kapena kukhala ndi ulemu wapamwamba.
• Kusamvetseka chifukwa cha zolakwika za galamala (amphibology). Zimapezeka ngati sizikumveka kuti ndi zinthu ziti mwa chiganizo chomwe chimasintha. Mwachitsanzo: Titaika chithunzi patebulo, chidasweka. / "kuswa" atha kutanthauza bokosi kapena tebulo.
• Kusamvetseka kophatikizika. M'masinthidwe a sentensi, mawu omwewo amatha kutenga dzina la adjective kapena adverb, verebu kapena dzina, ndi zina zambiri. Ngati sitikudziwa ntchito yomwe mawuwo amakwaniritsa, mwina sitingamvetse tanthauzo lake. Mwachitsanzo: Ndimasinthanso. / Munthuyo akhoza kubwerera kumalo kukasintha kapena kusintha kawiri.

Zitsanzo za kusamvetseka kwa polysemy

1. Mgwirizanowu udawononga zambiri kuposa momwe ndimayembekezera. / Itha kutanthauza pangano kapena mphete yaukwati.
2. Ndinapeza mulu wa makalata. / Itha kutanthauza makadi, mapepala olembedwa ndi wotumiza komanso wolandila kapena menyu.
3. Amadzipereka pakupanga zipewa. / Ikhoza kudzipereka pakupanga zodzitchinjiriza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamutu kapena kutsogolo kwamabwato.
4. Nyulu 50 zinali kudutsa m'malire. / Itha kutanthauza nyama kapena ozembetsa.
5. Kuti mukhale mgululi, ndikofunikira kuwonetsa olemekezeka. / Itha kutanthauzira dzina laulemu kapena umunthu.
6. Anakumana ku bank komwe anakumanako. / Mutha kutchula banki ngati malo azachuma kapena malo oti mungakhale paki.
7. Izi zikuwoneka bwino. Ikhoza kutanthawuza kuti chinthu chimathandiza penti kapena kuti mawonekedwe amawoneka bwino.

• Zitsanzo zambiri mu: Polysemy

Zitsanzo zosamveka bwino kuchokera zolakwika za galamala (amphibology)

Zitsanzo zosamveka bwino zaperekedwa pansipa, ndi njira ziwiri zotchulira chiganizo kuti tipewe chisokonezo.

1. Ndikufuna chotsukira ochotsera zovunda.
   (a) Ndikufuna chothira chosungira kuti zovala zanga zisinthe.
   (b) Ndikufuna chotsuka chotsuka, chomwe chimatha kuwonongeka.
2. M'nyumbamo ndidakumana ndi mayi wogulitsayo, amawoneka wowala kwambiri.
   (a) Ndinakumana ndi wogulitsa nyumbayo, yemwe amawoneka wowala kwambiri kwa ine.
   (b) M'nyumbamo ndidakumana ndi mayi wogulitsa, munthu wowala kwambiri.
3. Tidamuwona Juan akuyenda.
   (a) Tikamayenda, tidamuwona Juan.
   (b) Tinawona Juan, akuyenda.
4. Njerwa ija itagunda khoma, idagwa.
   (a) Njerwa inathyoka ikafika pakhoma.
   (b) Khoma lidagwa pomwe njerwa idagunda.

Zitsanzo zosamveka bwino

Zitsanzo zosamveka bwino zaperekedwa pansipa, ndi njira ziwiri zotchulira chiganizo kuti tipewe chisokonezo.

1. Adasankha galimoto yothamanga.
   (a) Posakhalitsa adasankha galimoto.
   (b) Anasankha galimoto yothamanga kwambiri.
2. Kuyimba bwino.
   (a) Ndimayimba bwino.
   (b) Nyimbo yabwino.
3. Juan adauza Pablo kuti atha kusankha zomwe akufuna.
   (a) Paulo adatha kusankha zomwe akufuna, monga momwe Yohane adamuuzira.
   (b) Yohane adatha kusankha zomwe akufuna, monga momwe adauzira Paulo.
4. Ana adasankha zoseweretsa zosangalatsa.
   (a) Ana anasangalala ndi zidole mosangalala.
   (b) Ana anasankha zidole zomwe zinali zosangalatsa kwambiri.
5. Ndawonanso.
   (a) Ndinayambanso kuona.
   (b) Ndinabwerera kumalo kukawona kena kake.
6. Sanalandiridwe mu kalabu chifukwa cha tsankho.
   (a) Sanalandiridwe mu kalabu chifukwa ndianthu atsankho kwambiri.
   (b) Chifukwa chakusalidwa, mamembala a kilabu sanavomereze omwe akufuna kumenewa.
7. Ndiwoimira ojambula aluso kwambiri.
   (a) Amayimira akatswiri ojambula kwambiri.
   (b) Ali ndi luso lakuyimira ojambula.
8. Juan anakumana ndi Jorge kuti athetse nkhawa yake.
   (a) Juan anakumana ndi Jorge, yemwe anali ndi nkhawa kwambiri, kuti amukhazike mtima pansi.
   (b) Juan, yemwe anali ndi nkhawa kwambiri, anakumana ndi Jorge kuti adekhe.
9. Ndi wayilesi yotchuka ya nyimbo.
   (a) Wailesi ya nyimboyi ndi yotchuka kwambiri.
   (b) Ndi wailesi yomwe imasewera nyimbo zodziwika bwino.

• Itha kukuthandizani: Kusasinthika kwachinsinsi