Pulogalamu ya alkynes kapena ma hydrocarboni acetylenic ali ma hydrocarbon omwe amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa kaboni kaboni katatu. Ma nonky cyclic alkynes amayankha pamachitidwe a CnH2n-2. Ali ndi digiri yakukhazikitsidwa ngakhale yoposa ma alkenes.
Zina mwazida zamankhwala za alkynes ikuwunikira chenicheni chakuti iwo ali mankhwala otsika kwambiri, chotero osasungunuka m'madzi.
Pulogalamu yamalo otentha ndi osungunuka a alkynes ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi a alkanes kapena ma alkenes ofanana ndi nambala ya kaboni. Kumbali inayi, momwe zimakhalira pazokhazikika zathupi, zomwe zimakhala ndi ma carboni komanso kupezeka kwa nthambi muntolo (zomwe zimasintha mbali yomweyo), zimawonekera kwambiri.
Alkyne wosavuta kwambiri ndi acetylene, amatsatira mankhwala (kapena nsonga) ndi butino, yomwe imatha kukhala 1-butyne (chomangira patatu kumapeto kwa molekyulu) kapena 2-butyne (chomangira patatu pakatikati pa molekyulu). Atatu awa mpweya; omwe ali ndi ma atomu ambiri a kaboni ali zamadzimadzi kapena olimba.
Zofanana ndi ma alkenes, maunyolo atatu omwe amadziwika ndi ma alkynes amawapatsa kukonzanso kwakukulu kwa mankhwala zinthu izi ndikuwapangitsa kuti azitha kuwonjezeranso zina (hydrogen, halogen, madzi, ndi zina zambiri) ndi zina. Komabe, maubwenzi atatu omwe amalumikizana ndi atomu ya kaboni wina ndi mnzake si ofanana: amodzi mwa iwo (omwe amatchedwa sigma bond) ndi olimba ndipo amatenga gawo lalikulu pamgwirizanowu. Zomwe zimapangidwazo zitha kuchitika kukhala ndi ma bond awiri kapena ma bond amodzi okha.
Makampani omwe ali ndi mgwirizano wophatikizika kumapeto kumapeto kwa unyolo amatchedwa osachiritsika alkynes; mankhwalawa amadziwika ndi acidity yawo yotchuka. M'malo mwake, ma alkynes osachiritsika ndi ma hydrocarboni osavuta kwambiri. Kutalika pakati pa maatomu a kaboni mu chomangira ndi ma 1.20 amstrongs (ngakhale amafupikitsa kuposa a alkenes -1.34 amstrongs-- ndi a alkanes -1.54 amstrongs─). Zingwe ziwiri, kaboni komanso kaboni kaboni zimatha kukhala mu molekyulu yomweyo. Izi zikachitika, hydrocarbon imadziwika kuti alkyne ndipo malo olumikizira awiriwa amawonetsedwa ndi kutha kwa "ene", kuyiyika pomwe kuli koyenera
Zitsanzo za alkynes zalembedwa pansipa:
- ethyne (acetylene)
- nsonga
- 2- pentine
- 2-butyne
- 1-butyne
- Ogasiti 3
- 2-nonino
- Methyl acetylene
- Ethyl acetylene
- 1-ene-4-hexyne
- Propyl acetylene
- Terbutyl acetylene
- 6,6-diethyl-4-noniino
- 5,6-dimethyl-3-heptin
- 3,3-diethyl-3,5-nonadiino
- cyclobutine
- 3-ethyl -5-ethynylhepta-1,6-diino
- 5-methyl-2-hexyne
- 3,5,7-decatriino
- 6-methyl-2,4-heptadiino
