Zamkati
Chipembedzo cha socialism Ndi lingaliro lotsimikizika kutanthauzira chuma chomwe katundu ali nacho chonse, chifukwa chake njira zopangira sizimawona anthu ngati ogulitsa mphamvu zawo koma kuti Ogwira ntchito ngati njira yothandizira anthu onse.
Marxism ndi malingaliro a capital
Lingaliro la socialism limachokera ku zopereka za Karl Marx, yemwe pantchito yake yonse m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi adadzipereka yekha pakuwonetsa njira ya kupanga capitalist kufotokoza kulekana komwe kachitidweka kamapanga pakati pa anthu ndi zipatso za ntchito yawo, pakati pa anthu ndi ntchito yomwe amachita, komanso pakati pa anthu ndi kuthekera kwawo kwaumunthu, chifukwa cha awiri apitawa.
Ndi chifukwa cha izi pomwe Marx akufuna kuti kuphatikiza njira zonse zopangira.
Onaninso: Zitsanzo zakusiyana
Makina opanga padziko lonse lapansi
Ntchito ya Marx, imodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri m'zaka zake zapitazi, imangoyang'ana pakufotokoza za capitalism ndikufotokozera momwe zimakhalira kugwa, m'malo mofotokozera zomwe zingachitike. Njira zophatikizira (zotchedwa chikominisi) zimadziwika kuti ndizapadziko lonse lapansi, koma palibenso zomveka zina pokhudzana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwake, zomwe zidzachitike kudzera mu kumenya nkhondo pakati pa magulu awiriwa momwe anthu amagawanika m'magulu azachuma: amalonda (kapena mabishopu) ndi ogwira ntchito.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti, capitalism ikangophatikizidwa monga dongosolo lapadziko lonse lapansi, Masomphenya omwe amawona kutuluka kwa chikominisi ngati mwayi adayenera kusintha pulogalamu yawo kumagulu ena azikapitolizimu, monga mgwirizano wamayiko kapena demokalase: ndichoncho kuti zoyeserera zachikhalidwe cha anthu zomwe zakhala zikuchitika mzaka zam'ma 2000 zidayikidwa mdziko limodzi kapena ochepa, osapeza mawonekedwe ofunikira padziko lonse lapansi malinga ndi zomwe Marx amafuna.
Socialism m'zaka za zana la 20
Mfundo yoti chuma chamagulu sichinachitike mdziko la capitalism chimatanthawuza, mwa zina, kuti sanakwaniritse cholinga chawo choyambirira: ngakhale munthawi zachuma izi ubale wopindulitsa sunali wa gulu panthawi ya capitalism, Katundu wopangidwa kumeneko adasinthana malinga ndi capitalist ndi akunja, kulumikizana ndi kuchuluka kwa zopangidwa ndi anthu mu capitalism, koma ndikupanga kwapakati pa boma.
Mwanjira ina iliyonse, panali mayiko angapo omwe adasankha chokomera anthu m'zaka za zana la 20 ndi 21Ndi maubwenzi ochepa okha omwe angakhazikitsidwe pakati pa onse: ambiri amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito maboma andale ankhanza, kupondereza zisankho zaulere. Ambiri adalandira yankho laukali kuchokera kumabungwe achi capitalist apafupi, ndipo amayenera kukumana ndi ziwawa kapena zina. Kuperewera kwa socialism kunatanthauza kuti ambiri amayenera kuthana ndi zoperewera zomwe kulimbikira kwa kutchuka komanso kudzikonda pawokha zimapereka, monga ziphuphu komanso kukokomeza kwaboma.
Onaninso: Zitsanzo kuchokera Kumayiko Otukuka
Nazi zina zitsanzo za zokumana nazo zachikhalidwe cha anthu m'maiko osiyanasiyana, kufotokozera mtundu wama socialism omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito:
- China, socialism ndi chipani chimodzi kuyambira 1949. (Ngakhale zili ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zamsika wamsika)
- Vietnam, ndi chipani chimodzi kuyambira 1976.
- Nicaragua, ndi boma lomwe limayang'ana kusosholizimu mkati mwa capitalism, kuyambira 1999.
- Pulogalamu ya Mgwirizano wa Soviet Socialist Republics, chidziwitso chomwe chidatsala pang'ono kukulitsa pulogalamu yachitukuko padziko lonse lapansi, pakati pa 1922 ndi 1991.
- Chili, motsogozedwa ndi purezidenti wa demokalase a Salvador Allende, pakati pa 1970 ndi 1973.
- Bolivia, ndi boma lomwe limayang'ana pachikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe chaomwe amakhala pachikhalidwe cha capitalism, kuyambira 1999.
- Cuba, Socialism wachipani chimodzi kuyambira 1959.
- Venezuela, ndi boma lomwe limayang'ana kusosholizimu mkati mwa capitalism, kuyambira 1999.
- Laos, ndi chipani chimodzi kuyambira 1975.
- North Korea, wolamulira mwankhanza kuyambira 1945.
- Denmark
- Norway
- Sweden
- Finland
- Iceland (asanu omaliza, okhala ndi mitundu yazachuma pamsika koma omwe ali ndi boma lomwe likukhudzidwa ndi mabungwe ndi ndalama zachitetezo mwanjira yayitali kwambiri).
Onaninso: Maiko Ozungulira, Ozungulira ndi Ozungulira
