Zitsanzo za Kusunthika - Encyclopedia

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Zitsanzo zakumwa
Itha kukutumikirani

Pulogalamu ya kusungunuka kapena kuponderezedwa ndikusintha kwa nkhani ya a dziko lowala (makamaka), molunjika ku dziko lamadzi, powonjezera kupanikizika (isothermal compression) ndikuchepetsa kutentha. Izi, makamaka, zimasiyanitsa liquefaction ndi kufupikitsa kapena mvula.

Njira imeneyi idadziwika ndi wasayansi waku Britain a Michel Faraday ku 1823, panthawi yoyesera kwake ndi ammonia, ndipo lero ndi imodzi mwanjira zodziwika bwino komanso zofunikira pakuwongolera mpweya wamafuta ndi ogulitsa.

Onaninso: Zitsanzo kuchokera ku Gaseous mpaka Zamadzimadzi (ndi njira ina kuzungulira)

Zitsanzo zakumwa

Klorini wamadzimadzi. Kapangidwe kowopsa kwambiri kameneka amapangidwa ndi mpweya wa chlorine, wothira m'madzi owonongeka, maiwe osambira ndi mitundu ina yam'madzi yomwe cholinga chake ndi kuyeretsa.
Mpweya wa nayitrogeni. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati firiji ndi cryogenizer, popeza mpweya wamafuta womwe umasungabe kutentha kwakukulu, umakhala wamba pochotsa dermatological kapena mankhwala opangira opaleshoni, kapena kuzizira kwa umuna ndi mazira a anthu.
Mpweya wa okosijeni. Mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi, amapititsidwa kuzipatala ndi kuzipatala komwe, kukakamizidwa kwake kutapezekanso, kumabwerera ku mawonekedwe ake amagetsi ndipo kumatha kudyetsedwa kudzera njira yopumira kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la pulmonary.
Kutulutsa kwa Helium. Izi zidachitika kwa nthawi yoyamba ndi Heike Kamerlingh Onnes mu 1913, zomwe zidaloleza kuyeserera kodabwitsa ndi helium yamadzi (-268.93 ° C), monga mphamvu ya thermomechanical ndi ena omwe adalola kumvetsetsa bwino za Mpweya wabwino.
Propane ndi Butane zamadzimadzi. Mpweya wamagetsi womwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogulitsa komanso mafakitale chifukwa chakuwotchera komanso mtengo wotsika mtengo, umayendetsedwa m'matangi ndi ma carafes moyenera mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi, chifukwa amatenga malo ochepa (pafupifupi 600 kupatula voliyumu yocheperako) ndipo amatha kuwongoleredwa.
Zoyatsira wamba. Zinthu zamadzimadzi zomwe zimayatsidwa poyatsira pulasitiki sizomwe zimangokhala mipweya yamadzimadzi, yomwe poyendetsa batani ndikuyatsira moto, imabwerera kumayendedwe ake amagetsi ndikupatsa lawi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kutenthe nyali ndi lingaliro loipa: madziwo amabwezeretsa mawonekedwe ake amagesi ndikusindikiza panja, ndikupangitsa chidebe cha pulasitiki kuphulika.
Mafiriji. Mafiriji ndi zoziziritsa zimatulutsa kuzizira kuchokera kumalo amadzimadzi mkati mwa condenser, yomwe imatulutsa kutentha ndikusunga kutentha.
Mafuta amadzimadzi. Kusungunuka mu mafuta kapena gasi, ndiye ma hydrocarbon zosavuta kusungunuka, zopezedwa ndi distillation othandizira opatsirana (kulimbana) ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta amagetsi.
Magetsi ndi opopera. Zomwe zili ndi ma aerosol ambiri, ngakhale a utoto wapamsewu, amaimitsidwa mu mpweya wothamanga kwambiri, womwe mawonekedwe ake mchidebecho ndi madzi koma, chipangizocho chikangoyatsidwa, chimabwerera kukakamiza kozungulira ndikuchira momwe zinthu ziliri, ndikupopera zomwe zikuyang'ana ndi utoto kapena chinthu chofunikiracho ndikutulutsa mipweya yonseyo m'chilengedwe.
Mpweya woipa (CO₂) madzi. Mwina ngati gawo lapitalo lopeza ayezi wouma, kapena gawo la njira zina zamafakitale zomwe zimafunikira, CO₂ wochuluka mumlengalenga amatha kumwa ngati atapanikizika kwambiri.
Kutaya kwa ammonia. Monga gawo la ntchito yake pakupeza zotsukira zambiri kapena zosungunulira, ammonia (NH₃) itha kuphatikizidwa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabuloni am'mlengalenga kuti awonjezere ballast, omwe amatha kubwezeredwa mosavuta kumalo okwera mpweya ndikukweza sitimayo.
Kutulutsa mpweya. Imeneyi ndi njira yopezera zinthu zoyera kuti mugwiritse ntchito mafakitale: mpweya umatengedwa kuchokera mumlengalenga ndikunyowetsedwa pansi pothinikizidwa, kuti pambuyo pake uwononge zigawo zake ndikutha kuzisunga mosiyana, monga nayitrogeni, oxygen ndi argon.
Zamadzimadzi zimatulutsa mpweya wabwino. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pachipatala cha infrared spectroscopy, chifukwa zinthuzi zimawonekera poyera ndi mtundu uwu wa radiation ndipo sizimabisa mawonekedwe a tinthu kapena zinthu zosungunuka mmenemo.
Oyendetsa bwino. M'malo akuluakulu asayansi kapena apakompyuta omwe zida zawo zimapanga zambiri kutentha, mipweya yamadzi (pamatentha otsika kwambiri) monga hydrogen ndi helium amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa kutentha kwa makina osakhwima apadera.
Argon wonongedwa. Ogwiritsidwa ntchito mwasayansi pofunafuna zinthu zamdima, kudzera pazowunikira zazikulu zomwe zimakhala ndi zigawo za Argon mu gasi ndi madzi, kuti ziwulitse nthawi iliyonse pomwe chinthu chamdima chimagundana ndi chinthuchi.