Zamkati
Pulogalamu ya zojambula ndi njira ya kulekana kwa zosakaniza maofesi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magulu osiyanasiyana a sayansi. Amagwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo potengera kusungidwa kwa patukani zigawo zosakaniza mu chiyero chapamwamba, kapena kuwazindikira mu chisakanizo ndikuzindikira gawo lawo lenileni.
Mwanjira imeneyi, zojambula Zimaphatikizapo kuwonetsa chisakanizo china ku chithandizo china (mpweya, pepala, a madzi osalowerera ndale, ndi zina zambiri) kuti apindule ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa kufalikira kwa gawo lililonse la chisakanizocho, kuwazindikira kuchokera pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe chisakanizocho chimapanga pakapita nthawi.
Kutsatsa (izo sizimayamwa) ndi coefficient yolumikizira chisakanizo pamwamba pa chithandizo, ndipo malingana ndi kusiyana kwa momwe zimayankhira magawo a zosakaniza, izi zitha kusiyanitsidwa bwino kapena kuchuluka kwa ndende zawo kumatha kuyezedwa mulimonsemo.
Njira yolekanayi imachitika magawo awiri:
- Malo amodzi. Chosakanikacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuthandizira kwina ndikukonzekera kuyeza.
- Gawo loyenda. Chinthu china chimasunthidwa pachithandizocho, kuti chithandizire kuyankha kwake ndi zomwe zimasakanikirana ndikuti kusiyana kwamomwe amachitirako kumawalekanitsa.
Mwanjira iyi, ena zinthu amayamba kusuntha ndipo ena amakhala, kutengera chikhalidwe chawo. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito magawo okongoletsa komanso mafoni azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana: madzi, olimba komanso amagetsi.
Onaninso: Zitsanzo za Zosakaniza
Zitsanzo za Chromatography
- Kuthira vinyo pa nsalu yoyera. Vinyo akamamagundana ndi mpweya, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe amapangira utoto zoyera za utoto wina, motero kuwalola kuti adziwe nthawi yomwe sizingatheke.
- Mukuyesa magazi. Chromatography yamagazi nthawi zambiri imachitidwa kuti athe kutero patulani ndi kuzindikira zinthu zomwe zili mmenemo. Umu ndi momwe zimakhalira ndi mankhwala kapena chinthu china chake, monga mowa.
- Mukuyesa mkodzo. Mkodzo, woposa magazi, ndi chisakanizo cha mankhwala osiyanasiyana, kupezeka kapena kupezeka kwake komwe kumawululira momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, kupatukana kwa chromatographic kumatha kuchitidwa. kuyang'ana zotsalira zachilendo, monga magazi, mchere, shuga kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
- Kuwunikiranso zaumbanda. Monga m'mafilimu: nsalu, ulusi, nsalu kapena zothandizira zina zimatengedwa kuti muwone kuphatikizika kwa guluu wa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga umuna kapena magazi, zomwe pakuziwona koyamba sizingadziwike.
- Kufufuza zaumoyo wazakudya. Popeza momwe zakudya zimayendera mukamayang'ana chromatographic spectrum zimadziwika, Zitha kuwoneka ngati pali mtundu wina wazinthu zosayenera kapena zopangidwa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timachokera pachitsanzo chochepa.
- Kutsimikiza kwa milingo yoyipitsidwa. Kaya mumlengalenga kapena m'madzi, momwe zinthu zosungunuka ndi zosavomerezeka zimayesedwa kuchokera pachitsanzo chochepa, pogwiritsa ntchito chithandizo china chomwe chimalola kusiyanitsa pakati pa mankhwala, kulola kuti madzi aziuma, mwachitsanzo.
- Mayeso ovuta a microbiology. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi matenda monga Ebola, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa pamenepa amalola kusiyanitsa pakati pa ma antibodies ambiri komanso ocheperako poyang'anizana ndi matenda owopsa.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito petrochemical. Chromatography ndi yothandiza pakulekanitsa ma hydrocarbon mafuta ndi kusintha kwake kukhala zinthu zosiyanasiyana zoyengedwa, zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osakanikirana kwambiri komanso zomata.
- Kuwunika moto. Kuti mudziwe ngati adakhumudwitsidwa kapena ayi, chromatography yazatsalayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa onetsani kupezeka kwa zinthu zosayembekezereka zomwe reactivity ndi yosiyana ndi enawo, motsimikiza mafuta.
- Kulekanitsa inki. Popeza inki imapangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu yamadzi, ndizotheka kutero patulani mitundu iyi ndi chromatography ndipo onetsani kusiyana pakati pa aliyense. M'malo mwake, ndimayeso wamba pofotokoza njira imeneyi, pogwiritsa ntchito zolembera zamitundu yakuda.
- Kuzindikira kwa radioactivity. Popeza zinthu zamagetsi zimakhala ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana komanso zotulutsa zambiri kuposa zinthu wamba, zimatha kuzindikirika pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi labotale. kuwunikira zinthu zomwe zikuwonetsa kusintha kwamachitidwe.
- Kudziwa kuyera kwa chinthu. Zipangizo zoyera nthawi zambiri zimafunikira m'makampani, makamaka mipweya (yomwe kusinthasintha kwake kumapangitsa izi kukhala zovuta) komanso njira yoyesera izi kudziwika kwa chromatographic zotsalira za zinthu zina, kuchokera pakugwiritsa ntchito gawo lamadzi lokhazikika.
- Kuphunzira vinyo. Pozindikira vinyo wa monovarietal, chromatography nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa ngati yasakanikirana ndi mitundu ina, chifukwa izi zimawonetsa mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana pamaso pa malo ena osasunthika.
- Kuwongolera kwa distillation kwamakampani amizimu. Ndi mpweya chromatography, Zomwe zimapezeka pakumwa zimatha kuzindikirika ndikuwerengedwa (ethanol, methanol, acetaldehyde, acetal, ndi zina zambiri), motero kuloleza kasamalidwe koyenera ka mankhwalawa.
- Maphunziro a azitona a mafuta. Chromatography ndiyofunikira pakuwunika ndi kugawa mafuta a maolivi, chifukwa imapereka kafukufuku wamafuta, acidity ndi phindu la peroxide zomwe zimapezeka mu chisakanizocho.
Njira zina zolekanitsa zosakaniza
- Zitsanzo za Crystallization
- Zitsanzo za distillation
- Zitsanzo za Centrifugation
- Zitsanzo za Kuthamangitsidwa
- Zitsanzo za Kutengera
