Zamkati
Pulogalamu yaSayansi yaumunthu Ndi amodzi mwamaphunziro omwe amaphunzira za munthu komanso mawonetseredwe omwe amachita pagulu, nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa ndi chilankhulo, zaluso, malingaliro, chikhalidwe komanso mbiri zawo.
Mwachidule, sayansi yaumunthu imayang'ana pa chidwi chomwe anthu amakhala nacho nthawi zonse podziwa zochita zawo, payekha komanso mogwirizana.
Kodi amapezeka kuti?
Kagulu komwe sayansi yaumunthu imakhalapo, pagawo lalikulu kwambiri mu epistemology, ndi ya sayansi yeniyeni: kulekanitsidwa kumapangidwa ndi mtundu wa phunziroli, lomwe silili pazinthu zabwino koma pazinthu zomwe zingawoneke, ndipo malamulo omwe amachokera kuchotsedwe sangathe kuchitidwa, koma kulingalira komwe kumalumikizidwa ndikulowetsedwa: a Kuyambira pakuwona zina kapena zochitika, zimangotengera zaunyinji popanda (pafupifupi nthawi zonse) kuthekera kotsimikiza mosasunthika.
Komabe, mkati mwa sayansi zowona pali kusiyana pakati zachilengedwe, omwe amachita ndi zochitika zomwe zimazungulira munthu m'moyo wake koma samamuzungulira mwachindunji, ndi sayansi yaumunthu yomwe imayiwerenga ndendende mu ubale wake, machitidwe ake ndi machitidwe ake.
Oyambirira nthawi zambiri amatchedwa 'Sayansi yeniyeni'Ngakhale amagwiritsanso ntchito malingaliro olakwika. Yotsirizira, sayansi yaumunthu, nthawi zambiri amanyalanyazidwa ndipo ngakhale amakhalidwe awo asayansi sakhulupirira, chifukwa chosowa zambiri zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi chidziwitso chomwe chimapereka.
Nthawi zina, mtundu wamkati wamasayansi amunthu umapangidwa polemekeza chikhalidwe, popeza zomalizirazo (monga zachuma, chikhalidwe cha anthu kapena sayansi yandale) zimangotanthauza maubwenzi amunthu pakati pawo kuposa zomwe zimayambira.
Chifukwa ndizofunikira?
Kufunika kwa sayansi yaumunthu ndi kofunikira, makamaka nthawi zina pomwe kusintha padziko lapansi kumabweretsa kukayikira kwakukulu zakuti mitundu ya anthu ipita kuti: malangizowa amalola anthu kudziwa kudzera m'mayanjano awo ndi anzawo komanso malo omwe akukhala.
Zitsanzo kuchokera ku sayansi yaumunthu
- Nzeru: Sayansi yomwe imakhudzana ndi zomwenso, katundu, zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira za zinthu, kuyankha mafunso alipo zoyambira zomwe munthu amakhala nazo komanso anali nazo.
- Zowonjezera: Kulanga potengera tanthauzo la malembo, makamaka omwe amawerengedwa kuti ndi opatulika.
- Chiphunzitso cha zipembedzo: Njira zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi olemba monga Marx, Durkheim ndi Weber, omwe sanakhulupirire mawonekedwe osiyana a chipembedzo ponena za mikhalidwe yawo.
- MaphunziroPhunziro la malingaliro osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi njira zophunzitsira ndi kuphunzira, zogwirizana ndi momwe nkhani imafalitsira mosagwirizana kapena mosiyanasiyana.
- Zopanga: Zomwe zimatchedwa 'science of the beautiful' zomwe zimafufuza zifukwa ndi malingaliro omwe amaperekedwa ndi zaluso, ndipo chifukwa chake nthawi zina zimakhala zokongola kuposa zina.
- Geography: Sayansi yomwe imayang'anira kufotokozera kwadziko lapansi, kuphatikiza chilengedwe, madera omwe amakhala padziko lapansi komanso zigawo zomwe zimapangidwa kumeneko.
- Mbiri: Sayansi yomwe imakhudza kuphunzira zakale zaumunthu, poyambira mosemphana ndi zomwe zimawoneka ngati zolemba.
- Psychology: Sayansi yomwe gawo lake la kuphunzira ndi luso laumunthu, chifukwa limafotokoza za kusanthula kwamachitidwe ndi malingaliro amunthu ndi magulu amunthu munthawi zosiyanasiyana.
- Mpandamachokero Anthropology: Sayansi yomwe imafufuza zakuthupi komanso mawonetseredwe azikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe a magulu a anthu.
- Sayansi yamalamuloChilango chomwe chimayang'anira kuphunzira, kutanthauzira ndikukhazikitsa dongosolo lazamalamulo lomwe limakwaniritsa bwino momwe chilungamo chingakhalire.
Mitundu ina ya sayansi:
- Zitsanzo za Sayansi Yoyera ndi Yoyeserera
- Zitsanzo za Sayansi Yolimba ndi Yofewa
- Zitsanzo za Sayansi Yovomerezeka
- Zitsanzo za Sayansi Yeniyeni
- Zitsanzo kuchokera ku Sayansi Yachikhalidwe
- Zitsanzo kuchokera ku Sayansi Yachilengedwe
