Zinyama zosuntha

Zamkati

• Zitsanzo za nyama zosamukira

Pulogalamu ya kusamuka ndi mayendedwe amagulu azamoyo kuchokera kumalo osiyanasiyana kupita kumalo ena. Ndi njira yopulumutsira yomwe imalola kuti nyama zizipewa zovuta m'malo awo, monga kutentha kwambiri kapena kusowa kwa chakudya.

Pulogalamu ya nyama zosamukira Amakonda kuchita izi nthawi ndi nthawi, ndiye kuti, amapitanso maulendo obwereza nthawi zina pachaka (mwachitsanzo, mchaka kapena kugwa). Mwanjira ina, kusamuka kumatsata dongosolo.

Komabe, amathanso kuchitikakusuntha kosatha.

Gulu lanyama likatengedwa ndi munthu kuchoka kumalo awo achilengedwe kupita kumalo atsopano, silingaganizidwe zosamuka, chifukwa si njira yachilengedwe. Zikatero amatchedwa "kuyambitsa mitundu yachilendo".

Pulogalamu ya njira zosamukira ndi zochitika zachilengedwe zomwe zimasunga kulinganiza zachilengedwe omwe amatenga nawo mbali pantchitoyo (chilengedwe choyambirira, zachilengedwe zomwe magulu osamukirawo amadutsa komanso chilengedwe chomwe chimalandira kumapeto kwa ulendo).

M'malo mwake, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mitundu yakunja mu zopangira zakhala zikuyembekezera komanso zosayembekezereka zachilengedwe.

Nawo kusamuka zinthu zosokoneza bongo (nyama zomwe zimasamukira) ndi zifukwa abiotic zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nyama, monga mafunde ampweya kapena madzi.

Zinthu zina za abiotic zitha kuchititsanso kusamuka, monga kusiyanasiyana kwa kuwala ndi kutentha komwe kumachitika pakusintha kwanyengo.

Zitsanzo za nyama zosamukira

1. Nangumi wumpback (yubarta): Whale amene amayenda m'nyanja zonse zapadziko lapansi, ngakhale kutentha kwakusiyanasiyana. M'nyengo yozizira amakhala m'madzi otentha. Kumeneku zimakwerana ndi kubereka ana awo. Kutentha kumakwera, amasunthira m'madzi a polar komwe amadyetsa. Mwanjira ina, amasuntha pakati pa malo odyetserako ziweto ndi malo oberekera. Amayenda pafupifupi 1,61 km pa ola limodzi. Maulendowa amafika pamtunda wopitilira makilomita 17,000.
2. Wolemba mutu: Kamba yemwe amakhala munyanja zotentha, koma amasamukira kumadzi otentha m'nyengo yozizira. Amakhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi ndipo akazi amangopita kunyanja kukaswana. Amakhala zaka 67. Ndi mtundu waukulu, womwe umatha kutalika masentimita 90 komanso kulemera kwapakati pa 130 kg. Kuti achite kusamuka kwawo, amagwiritsa ntchito mafunde aku North Pacific. Ali ndi njira imodzi yayitali kwambiri yosamukira, poyerekeza ndi nyama zina zam'madzi, zomwe zimafika makilomita opitilira 12 zikwi.
3. Dokowe woyera: Mbalame yayikulu, yakuda ndi yoyera. Magulu aku Europe amasamukira ku Africa nthawi yachisanu. Ndizodabwitsa kuti panjira iyi amapewa kuwoloka Nyanja ya Mediterranean, motero amayenda molunjika ku Strait of Gibraltar. Izi ndichifukwa choti zipilala zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito zimawuluka m'malo amtunda. Kenako ipitilira ku India ndi Arabia Peninsula.
4. Canada tsekwe: Mbalame yomwe imauluka m'magulu omwe amapanga V. Ili ndi mapiko a 1.5 mita ndikulemera kwa 14 kilos. Thupi lake ndi lotuwa koma limadziwika ndi mutu wakuda ndi khosi, ndikutuluka koyera pamasaya. Amakhala ku North America, munyanja, m'mayiwe, ndi mitsinje. Kusamuka kwawo kumachitika pofunafuna nyengo yotentha komanso kupezeka kwa chakudya.
5. Barn Swallow (Andorine): Ndi namzeze amene akufalikira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Mbalame yomwe imakhala ku Europe, Asia, Africa ndi America. Imakulitsa ndi anthu chifukwa imagwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga zomanga zisa (kubereka). Amakhala m'malo otseguka monga malo odyetserako ziweto ndi malo odyetserako ziweto, kupewa udzu wandiweyani, malo otsetsereka komanso madera akumatauni. Akasamuka, amasankhanso malo otseguka komanso kuyandikira kwa madzi. Amawuluka masana, komanso nthawi yosamuka.
6. Nyanja yaku California Nyanja: Ndi nyama ya m'nyanja, ya banja lomwelo la zisindikizo ndi ma walrus. Munthawi yamatenda imapezeka pazilumba ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuchokera kumwera kwa California mpaka kumwera kwa Mexico, makamaka kuzilumba za San Miguel ndi San Nicolás. Pakutha nyengo yokwatirana imasamukira kumadzi aku Alaska komwe imadyetsa, ikuyenda makilomita opitilira 8,000.
7. Ntchentche: Ndi kachilombo kouluka kamene kamatha kusamukira kunyanja. Makamaka mitundu ya Pantala Flavescens imasunthira kutalika kwa tizilombo tonse. Ulendowu umabwerera pakati pa India ndi East Africa. Mtunda wonse woyenda ndi pafupifupi makilomita 15,000.
8. Gulugufe wamfumu: Ili ndi mapiko okhala ndi malalanje ndi mitundu yakuda. Pakati pa tizilombo, gulugufeyu ndi amene amasamuka kwambiri. Izi ndichifukwa choti amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri kuposa agulugufe ena, omwe amafika miyezi 9. Pakati pa Ogasiti ndi Okutobala, imasamuka ku Canada kupita ku Mexico, komwe imakhala mpaka Marichi, ikabwerera kumpoto.
9. Nyumbu: Ndi zowala yokhala ndi mbali inayake, yofanana ndi kubala tsitsi koma ndi ziboda ndi mutu wofanana kwambiri ndi wa ng'ombe. Amakumana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono omwe amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake, ndikupanga zipembedzo zazikulu za anthu. Kusamuka kwawo kumalimbikitsidwa ndikusowa kwa chakudya ndi madzi: amayang'ana udzu watsopano ndikusintha kwa nyengo komanso madzi amvula. Kusuntha kwa nyamazi kumapangidwa modabwitsa ndikumveka kwamphamvu komanso kunjenjemera kwapadziko lapansi komwe kumapangidwa ndikusamuka kwawo. Amayenda mozungulira kuzungulira Mtsinje wa Serengeti.
10. Madzi amchere amdima (madzi akuda amchere): Mbalame zam'nyanja zomwe zimakhala m'nyanja za Atlantic, Pacific ndi Indian. Ndi kutalika kwa 45 cm ndipo mapiko ake amatambasula mita imodzi. Ndi bulauni yakuda. Itha kuwuluka mpaka makilomita 910 patsiku. Nthawi yoswana, imapezeka kum'mwera kwa nyanja ya Atlantic ndi Pacific, kuzilumba zazing'ono kuzungulira New Zealand kapena zilumba za Falkland. Kumapeto kwa nthawi imeneyo (pakati pa Marichi ndi Meyi) amayamba njira yozungulira kulowera kumpoto. M'nyengo yotentha komanso yophukira imakhala kumpoto chakumtunda.
11. Plankton: Ali tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso amene amayandama pamadzi. Mtundu wa kusamuka komwe kumachitika ndi ma plankton am'madzi ndi wamfupi kwambiri komanso wamfupi kuposa mitundu ina yosamuka. Komabe, ndimayendedwe ofunikira komanso osasintha: usiku amakhala m'malo osaya ndipo masana amatsika mita 1,200. Izi ndichifukwa choti limafunikira madzi apamtunda kuti lizidyetsa lokha, komanso limafunikira kuzizira kwamadzi akuya kuti lichepetse kagayidwe kake ndikupulumutsa mphamvu.
12. Nyama zaku America (caribou): Amakhala kumpoto kwa kontinenti yaku America ndipo kutentha kukayamba kukwera amasunthira kuloza kumtunda komwe kulinso kumpoto, mpaka kudayamba kugwa chipale chofewa. Mwanjira ina, nthawi zonse amasungidwa kumadera ozizira koma amapewa nyengo zachisanu pomwe chakudya chimasowa. Akazi amayamba kusamuka limodzi ndi achichepere asanafike Mays. Posachedwa kwawonedwa kuti kubwerera kumwera kwachedwa, mwina chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo.
13. Salimoni: Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya saumoni imakhala m'mitsinje nthawi yachinyamata, kenako imasamukira kunyanja ikadzakula. Kumeneko amakula kukula ndi kukhwima mwa kugonana. Akakhwima, amabwerera kumitsinje kukaswana. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, nsomba sizigwiritsa ntchito mwayi wamafunde posamukira kwawo kwachiwiri, koma mosemphana ndi izi: zimasunthira kumtunda motsutsana ndi pano.