Kufotokozera

Zamkati

• Zinthu zofotokozera
• Zitsanzo zofotokozera

Pulogalamu ya nkhani Ndi nkhani yotsatizana ya zochitika zongoyerekeza kapena zenizeni zomwe zimachitika m'malo amodzi kwa m'modzi kapena angapo ndipo zimawuzidwa kuchokera kwa wofotokozera. Nkhani yomwe yafotokozedwayo itha kukhala yowona kapena yosakhala yeniyeni, koma iyenera kukhala ndi kutsimikizika, ndiye kuti nkhaniyo iyenera kukhala yodalirika. Mwachitsanzo: buku, nkhani yayifupi kapena mbiri.

Onaninso: Zolemba

Zolemba zonse zili ndi mawonekedwe awa:

• Chiyambi. Nkhaniyi idakwezedwa ndipo kusamvana komwe kudzatulutse zochitika zingapo kuwululidwa.
• Dziwani. Ndi mphindi yovuta kwambiri m'nkhaniyi, ndipo ndipamene zambiri zomwe zanenedwa zimachitika.
• Zotsatira. Mikangano yomwe idatchulidwa koyambirira ndipo yapangidwa m'nkhaniyi yathetsedwa.

Zinthu zofotokozera

• Chiwembu. Zonse zomwe zafotokozedwazo: zochita zomwe zimachitika munkhaniyo ndikusunthira nkhaniyo kumapeto.
• Wosimba nkhani. Mau ndi mawonekedwe omwe adauzidwa, ndipo atha kapena sangakhale gawo la nkhaniyi.
• Nyengo. Kutalika kwa nkhaniyo ndi kwathunthu, nthawi yakale momwe nkhaniyi ilili komanso nthawi yomwe imadutsa pakati pa zochitika zosiyanasiyana.
• Malo. Tsamba lenileni (longoyerekeza kapena lenileni) pomwe nkhaniyi imachitikira
• Zochita. Zowona zomwe zimapanga chiwembucho.
• Anthu. Omwe amapititsa nkhaniyi patsogolo, ndipo atha kukhala: otsogolera (omwe nkhaniyo imangoyang'ana pa iwo), otsutsana (otsutsana ndi protagonist), anzawo (amuperekeza protagonist). Kuphatikiza apo, malingana ndi kufunika kwazomwe ali nazo munkhaniyi, amasiyanitsidwa ndi: zazikulu ndi zachiwiri.

Zitsanzo zofotokozera

1. Zakale. Amalongosola, mozama komanso mozama, zochitika zomwe zidachitika m'malo ndi nthawi inayake zomwe zidabweretsa kusintha kwandale, zachuma, zankhondo kapena chikhalidwe chomwe zotsatira zake zimatsimikizika m'mbiri yonse. Nkhanizi zimadziwika chifukwa chokhwima pazasayansi, kugwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo, luso lamunthu, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mawu ogwidwa.
2. Zojambula. Kudzera pakuphatikizika kwa mafelemu, chiwembu, kukonza, zomveka, ochita sewerolo, kuyatsa, kuwombera ndi mayendedwe amamera, zochitika zingapo zimawonetsedwa zomwe zimachitika mlengalenga ndi nthawi ndipo zimachitika kwa m'modzi kapena angapo. Nkhani yofotokozedwayo itha kukhala kapena mwina siyotheka ndipo nkhanizo zitha kukhala ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana: zophunzitsira, zamaphunziro, zokongoletsa kapena zosangalatsa, pakati pa ena.
3. Zolemba. Ndi nthano zokongoletsa kapena zosangalatsa ndipo zomwe zili mwina mwina sizingakhale zenizeni. Mitundu ina ndi buku lanthano, nthano, nkhani, nthano, sewero, pakati pa ena.
4. Kusewera. Mtengo wa nkhanizi ndi momwe zimakhudzira wolandirayo. Kuphatikiza apo, zomwe zidalembedwazo sizofunikanso monga momwe masamu, zolumikizira malilime ndi nthabwala zilili.
5. Zolemba. Zomwe zilipo ndizowonadi. Amasimba zochitika zachilendo zomwe ndizapamwamba kwambiri mdera lina. Kamvekedwe kake ndichabwino komanso kosalowerera ndale: ziweruzo zaumwini, malingaliro ndi kuwunika zimapewa.

Tsatirani ndi:

• Wofotokozera munthu woyamba, wachiwiri komanso wachitatu
• Zolemba