Zamkati
Pulogalamu ya United Nations (UN), yotchedwanso United Nations (UN), pakali pano ndi bungwe lalikulu komanso lofunika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Yakhazikitsidwa pa Okutobala 24, 1945 kumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, idathandizidwa ndikuvomerezedwa ndi mayiko mamembala 51, omwe adasaina Chikalata cha United Nations ndikulonjeza kukhala ndi bungwe laboma padziko lonse lapansi ngati otsogolera komanso guarantor pakukambirana, mtendere, malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi, ufulu wa anthu ndi zina zonse zachilengedwe.
Pakadali pano ili ndi mayiko mamembala 193 ndi zilankhulo zisanu ndi chimodzi zovomerezeka, komanso mlembi wamkulu yemwe amakhala ngati woimira komanso wochititsa, udindo womwe udachitika kuyambira 2007 ndi a Ban Ki-moon aku South Korea. Likulu lake lili ku New York, ku United States, ndipo likulu lake lachiwiri lili ku Geneva, Switzerland.
Itha kukutumikirani: Zitsanzo za Mabungwe Apadziko Lonse
Ziwalo zazikulu za UN
Bungwe la United Nations lasiyana Magulu abungwe omwe amalola kukambirana mozama pazinthu ndi zina zomwe zili ndi chidwi padziko lonse lapansi, ndikuti kudzera munjira yovota amatha kusankha kuchitapo kanthu wamgwirizano wapadziko lonse mdera lina lapadziko lapansi womwe ukusemphana, kulengeza kogwirizana pankhani inayake, kapena kukakamiza kukwaniritsa zolinga zaphindu limodzi poganizira ntchito yapadziko lonse lapansi.
Ziwalo zazikulu izi ndi izi:
- Msonkhano waukulu. Gulu lalikulu la Bungweli lomwe limapereka nawo gawo pazokambirana ndi mayiko omwe ali membala 193, iliyonse ili ndi voti imodzi. Amatsogozedwa ndi Purezidenti wa msonkhano wosankhidwa pagawo lililonse, ndipo zimakambirana zinthu zofunika kwambiri, monga kuzindikira mamembala atsopano kapena mavuto akulu amunthu.
- Bungwe la Security Council. Opangidwa ndi mamembala asanu okhazikika omwe ali ndi mphamvu ya veto: China, Russia, United States, France ndi United Kingdom, akuwona ngati mayiko omwe ali ndi zida zankhondo kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndi mamembala ena khumi omwe si okhazikika, omwe ali ndi zaka ziwiri ndipo ali Wosankhidwa ndi Nyumba Yamalamulo. Thupi ili lili ndi udindo wowonetsetsa zamtendere ndikuwongolera zochitika zankhondo komanso ubale wapadziko lonse lapansi.
- Bungwe la Economic and Social Council. Mayiko 54 omwe akutenga nawo mbali amatenga nawo mbali pamsonkhanowu, limodzi ndi nthumwi zamaphunziro ndi mabizinesi, komanso mabungwe opitilira 3,000 omwe siaboma (NGO), kuti mukwaniritse zokambirana zapadziko lonse lapansi zokhudzana ndi kusamuka, njala, thanzi, ndi zina zambiri.
- Bungwe la Trusteeship. Thupi ili ndi gawo lapadera, lomwe ndi kuonetsetsa kuti kasamalidwe koyenera ka madera azikhulupiliro, ndiye kuti, maudindo omwe akuphunzitsidwa kuti atsimikizire chitukuko chomwe chimadzetsa kudzilamulira kapena kudziyimira pawokha. Amapangidwa ndi mamembala asanu okhazikika a Security Council: China, Russia, United States, United Kingdom ndi France.
- Khothi Lachilungamo Lapadziko Lonse. Yoyang'anira ku The Hague, ndi bungwe lalamulo la UN, lomwe liyenera kuthana ndi mikangano yoweruza pakati pa mayiko osiyanasiyana, komanso kuwunika milandu yachiwawa yomwe ili yoopsa kwambiri kapena yokhala ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri kuti lingayesedwe kukhothi ladziko lonse. Amakhala ndi oweruza 15 osankhidwa ndi General Assembly ndi Security Council pazaka zisanu ndi zinayi.
- Mlembi. Ili ndiye bungwe loyang'anira la UN, lomwe limapereka chithandizo ku mabungwe ena ndipo lili ndi oyang'anira pafupifupi 41,000 padziko lonse lapansi, kuthana ndi mavuto amitundu yonse ndi zomwe zingakopetse bungwe. Yatsogoleredwa ndi Secretary General, wosankhidwa ndi General Assembly kwa zaka zisanu, malinga ndi malingaliro a Security Council.
Zitsanzo za zolinga za UN
- Sungani bata ndi chitetezo pakati pa mayiko mamembala. Izi zikutanthawuza kuyimira pakati pamikangano, kupereka chitetezo pamilandu yapadziko lonse lapansi ndikukhala ngati gulu lopondereza, kudzera munjira ya mavoti ndi zilango zachuma komanso zamakhalidwe, kuteteza mikangano yomwe imayambitsa nkhondo ndipo, kupha anthu ngati omwe anakumana nawo m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri. UN yadzudzulidwa kwambiri chifukwa chakuchepa kwa mphamvu poyang'anira mayiko ena ochokera kumayiko amphamvu kwambiri omwe amapanga Security Council, monga zidachitikira ku North America ku Libya ndi Iraq koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 2000.
- Kulimbikitsa ubale wabwino pakati pa mayiko. Izi zimayesedwa pochita maphunziro ndi mapulojekiti ololera, kuvomereza osamukira komanso kusiyana kwamunthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kazembe wokhulupirika pamikangano pakati pa mayiko. M'malo mwake, UN imagwirizana kwambiri ndi komiti ya Olimpiki yomwe imachita masewera a Olimpiki ndipo imakhala ndi chikhalidwe komanso kuwonekera pazochitika zazikulu komanso zowoneka bwino zapadziko lapansi.
- Perekani chithandizo kwa omwe akusowa thandizo ndikuthana ndi kusalingana kwakukulu. Ambiri ndi misonkhano ya UN yomwe imapereka mankhwala ndi chithandizo chamankhwala kwa anthu omwe asiyidwa kapena oponderezedwa, chakudya ndi zinthu zadzidzidzi kumadera opsinjika kapena owonongedwa ndi nkhondo kapena ngozi zanyengo.
- Gonjetsani njala, umphawi, kusaphunzira komanso kusalinganika. Kudzera m'malingaliro otukuka apadziko lonse lapansi omwe amalimbikitsa chidwi choyambirira pankhani zachangu, maphunziro, moyo wabwino kapena zina zopanda phindu kapena zothandiza anthu chifukwa cha kunyalanyaza kwawo komwe kumapangitsa dziko kukhala malo osakondera. Mapulani oterowo nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo mgwirizano wapakati pa mabungwe olemera padziko lapansi ndi omwe akuvutika kwambiri.
- Lowererani pankhondo kuti muteteze anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo. Pachifukwa ichi, UN ili ndi gulu lankhondo lapadziko lonse lapansi, lotchedwa "zipewa zamtambo" chifukwa cha mtundu wa yunifolomu yawo. Anati gulu lankhondo silimayankha, mwazikhulupiriro, ku zosowa za dziko lililonse, koma limakwaniritsa udindo wosatenga mbali ngati wowonera, mkhalapakati komanso wotsimikizira chilungamo ndi mtendere pazochitika zovuta zomwe amakakamizidwa kuchitapo kanthu, monga mayiko omwe akuponderezedwa kapena nkhondo zapachiweniweni.
- Pitani kumisonkhano yovuta padziko lonse lapansi. Makamaka pa zaumoyo (miliri, miliri yosalamulirika monga Ebola ku Africa mu 2014), kusamuka kwa anthu ambiri (monga mavuto aku Syria othawa kwawo chifukwa cha nkhondo) ndi mavuto ena omwe lingaliro lawo likukhudza mayiko akunja kapena mabungwe aboma omwe sanaphimbidwe ndi boma lovomerezeka kapena dziko.
- Chenjezo la kuipitsa ndi kuonetsetsa kuti pali njira yokhazikika. UN ikukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa nyengo komanso mitundu yazachilengedwe, kuwonetsa kufunikira kwaumunthu kuti athetse kuipitsa ndi kuwononga chilengedwe, komanso kukonzekera tsogolo la thanzi, chitukuko ndi mtendere munthawi yayitali osati posachedwa mawu.
Itha kukutumikirani: Zolinga za Mercosur
