Zamkati
- Mitundu ya Zakudya Zamadzimadzi
- Zitsanzo za monosaccharides
- Zitsanzo za kutaya
- Zitsanzo za oligosaccharides
- Zitsanzo za polysaccharides
Pulogalamu ya chakudya, chakudya kapena chakudya ndi ma biomolecule omwe amapangidwa ndi kaboni, haidrojeni ndi mpweya. Zakudya zam'madzi ndi gawo la matupi azinthu zomwe zimakwaniritsa ntchito yosunga mphamvu ndi mphamvu.
Mwa kuwadya iwo chakudya, perekani gwero la mphamvu (mosiyana ndi mafuta, zomwe zilinso ndi mphamvu koma zimafunikira njira yayitali mthupi kuti mupeze). Njira yomwe mamolekyulu amadzimadzi amatulutsa mphamvu zake amatchedwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni.
Gramu iliyonse ya zimam'patsa mphamvu Makilogalamu 4.
Mitundu ya Zakudya Zamadzimadzi
Malinga ndi kapangidwe kake, chakudya chimagawidwa:
- Monosaccharides: Wopangidwa ndi molekyulu imodzi.
- Kutulutsa: Wopangidwa ndi mamolekyulu awiri a monosaccharide, olumikizidwa ndi mgwirizano wolumikizana (glycosidic bond).
- Oligosaccharides: Amapangidwa pakati pa mamolekyulu atatu kapena asanu ndi anayi a monosaccharide. Nthawi zambiri amamangiriridwa mapuloteni, motero amapanga ma glycoprotein.
- Polysaccharides: Zimapangidwa ndi maunyolo a monosaccharides khumi kapena kupitilira apo. Maunyolo atha kukhala opanda nthambi. Zamoyo, zimakwaniritsa kapangidwe ndi kasungidwe kake.
Itha kukutumikirani: Zitsanzo za Monosaccharides, Disaccharides ndi Polysaccharides
Zitsanzo za monosaccharides
Arabinosa: Sichipezeka mwaulere m'chilengedwe.
Ribose: Ipezeka mu:
- Chiwindi cha ng'ombe
- Nyama yankhumba
- Bowa
- Sipinachi
- Burokoli
- Katsitsumzukwa
- Mkaka wosasunthika
Fructose: Ipezeka mu:
- Carob
- Kukula
- Maapulo
- Tamarind
- Wokondedwa
- Nkhuyu
- Zipatso zamphesa
- Tomato
- Kokonati
Glucose: Ndikofunikira pakuchita bwino kwakuthupi ndi kwamaganizidwe. Amapezeka mu:
- Zogulitsa mkaka
- Mtedza
- Mbewu
Galactose: Sipezeka mwachilengedwe chake.
Mannose Chakudya, chimapezeka mu nyemba.
Xylose: Ndizovuta kugaya, zimapezeka mu zakudya zotsatirazi:
- Chimanga
- Chimanga mankhusu
Zitsanzo za kutaya
Sucrose: Yopangidwa ndi molekyulu imodzi ya shuga ndi imodzi ya fructose. Ndi disaccharide yochuluka kwambiri. Mu chakudya, amapezeka mu:
- Zipatso
- Masamba
- Shuga
- Beetroot
- Zakumwa zokoma zamakampani
- Maswiti
- Maswiti
Lactose: Yopangidwa ndi molekyu ya galactose ndi molekyulu ya shuga. Mu chakudya, amapezeka mu:
- Mkaka
- Yogurt
- Tchizi
- Mkaka wina
Maltose: Yopangidwa ndi mamolekyulu awiri a shuga. Ndi disaccharide yocheperako kwambiri m'chilengedwe, koma imapangidwa mwakhama. Mu chakudya, amapezeka mu:
- Mowa
- Mkate
Cellobiose: Yopangidwa ndi mamolekyulu awiri a shuga. Sizilipo choncho mwachilengedwe.
Zitsanzo za oligosaccharides
Raffinose: Imapezeka mu:
- Mapesi a beet
Melicitosa: Yopangidwa ndi molekyulu imodzi ya fructose ndi ma glucose awiri. Mu chakudya, amapezeka mu:
Zitsanzo za polysaccharides
Wowuma: Amapezeka mu zomera chifukwa ndi momwe amasungira monosaccharides. Mu chakudya, amapezeka
- Chomera
- Abambo
- Dzungu
- Sikwashi
- Nkhuku
- Chimanga
- Turnips
Glycogen: Amasungidwa mu minofu ndi chiwindi kuti apatse mphamvu. Mu chakudya amapezeka mu:
- Mitundu
- Mkate
- Mpunga
- Pasitala
- Mbatata
- Chomera
- apulosi
- lalanje
- Phalaphala
- Yogurt
Mapadi: Ndi polysaccharide yokhazikika, yomwe imapezeka pakhoma la cell makamaka zomera, komanso zamoyo zina. Ndi zomwe timatcha "fiber":
- Sipinachi
- Letisi
- Maapulo
- Mbewu
- Mbewu zonse
- Chinanazi
Chitin: Momwemonso momwe amapangira cellulose, koma ndi nayitrogeni mu molekyulu yake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizikhala zolimba. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya chokhazikika.
Itha kukutumikirani: Zitsanzo za Zakudya Zam'madzi (ndi ntchito yake)
