Zamkati
Pulogalamu yamakina osavuta Izi ndizida zomwe zimalola kusintha kwamphamvu kapena kuwongolera kwa mphamvu yomwe imafikira pomwe imalowera ngati makina, ndipo zomwe zigawo zake zonse ndizolimba.
Pulogalamu ya makina osavutaamagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchulukitsa mphamvu kapena, monga tawonera, ku sinthani adilesi yanu; Lingaliro nthawi zonse limakhala loti ntchito imafunika khama locheperako komanso kuti ndiyosavuta, komanso nthawi zina imakhala yotetezeka. Mwachidule, makina osavuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kapena kubwezera mphamvu yamagetsi kapena kukweza kulemera m'malo abwino.
Zomwe zimatchedwa mngodya zophatikizika, maubwino amakina awiri kapena kupitilira apo amaphatikizidwa.
Makina osavuta adadzuka kuti athetse mavuto yotengedwa ndi zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku m'nthawi zakale, kuphatikizapo kusaka, kuwedza kapena kunyamula zinthu zolemera. Zowona, ziwiya zina zoyambirira zidapangidwa, zomwe pambuyo pake zidakwaniritsidwa ndipo ndi momwe makina osavuta oyamba adatulukira. Mutha kunena kuti makina akalewo ankagwira ntchito ngati a kutambasuka kwa manja aanthu: zinali zida zamatabwa zokumbira, miyala yosongoka kudula ndi zina. Koma popanda kukayika, adapanga kusintha kwakukulu m'mbiri ya munthu komanso ubale wake ndi ntchito.
Makina osavuta akuphatikiza omwe ali nawo mfundo imodzi yothandizira (chomwe chimasiyanasiyana pakati pawo ndi komwe kuli thandizo lothandizidwa) ndi Gwiritsani ntchito mfundo zina zofunika kuthupi Chani mphindi yamphamvu, ntchito, mphamvu, mphamvu ndipo ntchito yamakina. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti makina osavuta samathawa lamulo losunga mphamvu: mphamvu siyipangidwe kapena kuwonongedwa mu makina osavuta, imangosinthidwa.
Pali makina 6 osavuta
- Ndalezo
- Pulley
- Ndege yopendekera
- Khola
- Mawilo ndi ma axles
- Zomangira
Pulogalamu ya ndalezo, chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri, ndi bar yolimba yomwe imatha kuzungulira mozungulira, fulcrum. Mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa lever imatchedwa mphamvu yoyeserera kapena mphamvu ndipo mphamvu yomwe imagonjetsedwa imadziwika kuti kukanakuti. Kutalika kwa lever ndikofunikira kuthana ndi kukana
Pulogalamu ya pulley Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukweza zinthu zolemera kutalika. Ndi gudumu lomwe chingwe chimadutsira panja; kumapeto amodzi a chingwe chotchulidwacho a kulemera kapena katundu, kuti imatuluka pomwe mphamvu yayikulu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto ena. Zimagwira ntchito pochepetsa mphamvu yofunikira pokweza zinthu ndikusintha kolowera. kulipo pulleys zosavuta ndi zina zopangidwa ndi mawilo angapo; omaliza amatchedwa ngalawa.
Pa ndege yopendekera zomwe zimachitika ndikuti mphamvu yolemera imagawika m'magawo awiri. Chifukwa chake, zoyesayesa zofunika kutukula katundu ndizochepa.
Pulogalamu ya chogona ndi thupi pomwe awiri amasinthira ndege zowoneka bwinoIzi zimapanga malo olumikizirana, omwe amalola kudula kapena kung'amba zinthu zolimba.
Pulogalamu ya gudumu ndi thupi lozungulira lomwe limazungulira pamfundo yokhazikika, yotchedwa olamulira a kasinthasintha, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazing'ono. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupatsira kayendedwe kazitsulo pakati pa nkhwangwa, kuyendetsa kayendedwe ka zinthu ndi anthu, ndi zina zambiri.
Pulogalamu ya wononga ndi chabe mwauzimu tili ndi ziboliboli zopendekera, kutembenuka kulikonse kumatchedwa ulusi. Kuti sikulowa ilowe mthupi kupyola pamwamba pake imapita kupota, mphamvu yofunikira kutembenuza kutembenukira kulikonse ndikumaliza ntchitoyi nthawi zonse imakhala yocheperako poyerekeza ndi yomwe amafunika kuti ikhomere mu mzere wowongoka.
Zitsanzo za makina osavuta
Zinthu zambiri m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, zomwe timakonda kuyenda, kusewera kapena pantchito, zimachokera pamakina amodzi kapena angapo mwa makina odziwikawa. Makina osavuta makumi awiri alembedwa pansipa ngati chitsanzo:
- Norias: Amalola kuti madzi atuluke kudzera mu rozari yama hydraulic. Amayikidwa m'madzi pang'ono ndikudutsa kosunthika kumathandizira kutulutsa madzi.
- Mapampu amadzi: Chipangizo chomwe chimakweza, kusamutsa ndikupondereza zakumwa. Gwiritsani ntchito mfundo zoyambira zolumikizidwa pakukakamizidwa.
- Cranes: Pogwiritsa ntchito chiwombankhanga chimatha kukweza kulemera kwake pogwiritsa ntchito mtengo, potero zimapangitsa mphamvu zochepa, ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito ndi ma pulleys pachizunguliro chomwe chimalola kuyenda kopingasa. Kukhazikika kwa kireni kumapangitsa kukhala kofunikira pantchito zomangamanga.
- Wopanda: Imagwiritsa ntchito zoyambira makina osavuta a 'ndege yoyenda', pomwe mphamvu zogwiritsidwa ntchito zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, malingaliro othamanga ndi kuthamanga akutenga nawo gawo, ndipo zimaganiziridwa kuti palibe gulu lokangana (kapena kuti ndilochepa).
- Pamwamba ndi pansi: Mphamvu ya lever imaphatikizidwa pamasewera otchukawa ndi ndege yomwe ikufuna, kulumikiza makina awiri osavuta m'modzi, ndikugwiritsa ntchito kulemera kwake ndi mphamvu yokoka, kutengera mfundo yothandizira, asadachite mphamvu ndi kuyankha kwa kukana.
- Wilibala: Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zomangamanga, zimatha kugawa kulemera kwake powongolera kulowera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zithandizire kulemera kwakukulu ndikungoyendetsa galimotoyo.
- Zida: Cogwheel yomwe imapangitsa kuti chinthu chiziyenda mwachangu kapena pang'onopang'ono, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zofunikira kuti chisunthire.
- Kutembenuza: Kuphatikiza kwa chopukutira ndi silinda, chomwe chimalola kuti thupi lolemera likwezedwe pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yotsika kwambiri.
- Nkhwangwa: Chofunika kupatulira kapena kutema (nkhuni, mwachitsanzo), imakhala ndi chitsulo chomalizidwa ngati mphero, chomwe chimang'amba ndikulola kudula.
- Awiri lumo: Chitsanzo cha lever imodzi, yomwe imaphatikiza mphamvu ndi mphamvu kuti ikwaniritse ntchito yake, yodula polumikizira masamba awiri achitsulo.
- Chitsime: Gwiritsani ntchito pulley kukweza kapena kutsitsa chidebe, potero ndikukweza unyinji wamadzi posintha mphamvu.
- Wosatha wononga: Ndege yokhotakhota imazungulira ndodo, yomwe ikazungulira imatha kulowetsa ulusi (ndege yopendekera) m'nkhalango, motero zimasunga zinthu ziwiri limodzi mwamphamvu.
- Zolemba: Chitsanzo cha lever, yofananira ndi lumo.
- Nutcracker: Mgwirizano wamagetsi wamagulu ndi kukana, womwe umaloleza kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvuyo kuti igawanitse mtedzawo.
- Ndodo: Pogwiritsa ntchito mkono wamunthu ngati fulcrum, lever amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Kusintha kwa ndodo zophera nsomba kunapangitsa ntchitoyi kuchepa.
- Kuchita bwino kwa Roma: Chida chomwe chimayeza anthu, ndipo chimakhazikika pamiyeso.
- Kudzudzulidwa: Makina osavuta opangidwa ndi tsamba lakuthwa kwambiri, lero amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuposa chilichonse kudula mapepala ambiri nthawi imodzi.
- Mpeni: Amagwiritsa ntchito njira za ndege yomwe ikufuna, kukwaniritsa kudzera m'malire, nthawi zambiri chakudya kapena zingwe.
- Zowonongeka: Chida chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusinthitsa mayendedwe amizere yozungulira kuti ayende mozungulira, kapena mosinthanitsa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusinthasintha olamulira osachita khama (chinthu chomwe chinali chofunikira kwambiri mgalimoto zakale).
- Njinga: Ikani maziko a gudumu ndi chitsulo chololeza kuti katundu (amene ali pa njingayo) asinthe.
