Zamkati
Pulogalamu ya amphibiya Ndiwo nyama zamtundu wambiri, makamaka anali nyama zoyambirira zomwe zinadutsa kuchokera m'madzi kupita kumtunda. Mwachitsanzo. tozi, chule, salamander.
M'mbuyomu, amphibiya amayimira gulu lofunika kwambiri la nyama, zonse chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zamoyo zomwe zidalipo komanso chifukwa chakukula kwake kwakuthupi. Komabe, pambuyo pake adasinthidwa ndi zokwawa, gulu ili lidasinthidwa kukhala magulu angapo.
Amphibians akuti adachokera ku nsomba pafupifupi zaka 360 miliyoni zapitazo, ndipo zokwawa zija pambuyo pake zidachokera kwa iwo, zomwe zidadzetsa nyama ndi mbalame za lero.
Zitsanzo za amphibiya
- Chule wamba
- Chisoti chachikulu
- Zamatsenga
- Triton
- Chule owopsa
- Chule ku New Zealand
- Chule waku Seychelles
- Chule wamtengo
- Chule chabuluu
- Axolotl kapena ajolote (salamander waku Mexico)
- Cecilia
- Pygmy flatfoot salamander
- Newt jalapa
Makhalidwe a Amphibian
Amphibians ali ndi wopanda khungu, kupuma kudzera m'mitsempha ndipo alibe miyendo akadali aang'ono; akakhala akuluakulu amapuma kudzera m'mapapu ndipo amakhala ndi miyendo inayi yokhala ndi nembanemba yophatikizana.
Kuphatikiza apo, amasinthidwa, ndiye kuti, amadutsa magawo osiyanasiyana amoyo, makamaka atatu:
- Icho cha dzira
- Pulogalamu ya mphutsi (ya kupuma kwa gill)
- Pulogalamu ya wamkulu (wa kupuma m'mapapo).
M'malo mwake, ndiwo okhawo omwe ali ndi msana omwe amasinthidwa.
Zina mwazinthu:
- Akuluakulu amphibiya amatha kukhala m'madzi kapena pamtunda (semi-terrestrial life), mphutsi zimangokhala m'madzi.
- Amphibians amapuma kudzera pakhungu (kupuma pang'ono), kuti khungu likhale lonyowa komanso kupewa kutaya, ali ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsa ntchofu.
- Ndiwo nyama za umuna wakunja kapena wamkati komanso oviparous.
- Alibe tsitsi kapena mamba.
- Amadyetsa tizilombo, nyongolotsi, slugs, ndi akangaude; komanso masamba kapena nyama zazing'ono, komanso nsomba ndi mphutsi.
- Kutentha kwakunja kumakhala kotsika kwambiri, amakhala osagwira ntchito, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi moyo chifukwa cha mafuta omwe asungidwa mthupi lawo.
- Izi ndi nyama zomwe zimasokoneza chakudya chawo popanda kuziphwanya kale.
- Ali ndi chiwalo chodziwika bwino, chovala, chomwe chimagwira ngati chokhacho chotuluka ndi ntchito yamikodzo komanso yobereka.
Gulu
Pali magawo atatu kapena amphibian:
- Gymnophiona kapena apodes (opanda miyendo)
- Caudata kapena caudates (ndi mchira)
- Anura kapena anurans (achule ndi achule).
Akuyerekeza kuti alipo ena Mitundu 4,300 ya amphibiya omwe akukhala lero, koma mwa njira ndi gulu lachilengedwe lomwe anthu ake akhala akuchepa kwakanthawi kwakanthawi, makamaka chifukwa cha kusintha kwachilengedwe komanso kusintha kwanyengo.
