Amadziwika kuti zamadzimadzi awo Zogulitsa ndi zinthu zomwe zimachitika mikhalidwe imeneyi. Tikudziwa kuti pali zinthu zitatu zomwe zingachitike: olimba, madzi ndi mpweya. Izi zimasiyana ndi kulumikizana kwa mamolekyulu omwe amapangidwa.
M'chigawo madzi, a mphamvu zokopa pakati pa mamolekyulu ndizofooka kuposa zolimba koma zamphamvu kuposa mpweya. Pulogalamu ya mamolekyu amayenda ndipo amaphatikizana, akututumuka ndikutsetsereka.
Zamadzimadzi,chiwerengero cha tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'ono kwambiri, kotero kuti kuwombana ndi mikangano pakati pa tinthu timakhala pafupipafupi. Kaya chinthu chimakhala chamadzimadzi, cholimba kapena chokhala ndi mpweya kwenikweni chimadalira kutentha ndi kuthamanga kwake kwa nthunzi. M'madera otentha padziko lapansi, madzi, mwachitsanzo, amapezeka mumadzi.
Ngakhale zili zamadzimadzi mamolekyulu amatha kuyenda komanso kuwombana, amakhala pafupi. Pamene kutentha kwa madzi kumawonjezeka, kuthamanga kwa mamolekyulu akewo kumakulanso.
Zotsatira zake, zakumwa imatha kuyenderera mpaka mawonekedwe a chidebe chawo chidebe, koma sangathe kupanikizika mosavuta chifukwa mamolekyulu amakhala omangidwa kale. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zamadzimadzi zilibe mawonekedwe okhazikika, koma zimakhala ndi voliyumu. Zamadzimadzi zimakulitsa ndikuchepetsa.
Onaninso: Zitsanzo Zolimba
Makhalidwe apamwamba a zinthu zamadzimadzi ndi monga: Malo otentha.
Zina mwazinthu zamadzimadzi ndi izi:
- Pulogalamu ya mavuto padziko, woperekedwa ndi mphamvu zokopa mbali zonse zamadzi
- Pulogalamu ya mamasukidwe akayendedwe, chomwe chimayimira mphamvu yotsutsa yamadzimadzi amadzimadzi amadzimadzi (izi zimangowonekera pakusuntha zakumwa)
- Pulogalamu ya kutha, yomwe imafotokoza momwe zimakhalira zosavuta kuti zakumwa zikwere kudzera m'machubu yaying'ono (capillaries), momwe mphamvu yolumikizirana imapitilira mphamvu yolumikizira.
Itha kukutumikirani:
- Zitsanzo za zolimba, zakumwa ndi mpweya
- Zitsanzo za Gaseous State
Zitsanzo za zinthu zamadzimadzi pa 25 ° C ndi:
- Madzi
- Mafuta
- palafini
- mowa wa ethyl
- methanol
- Mafuta a ether
- chloroform
- benzene
- asidi sulfuric
- asidi hydrochloric
- glycerin
- acetone
- ethyl nthochi
- asidi phosphoric
- toluene
- asidi wa asidi
- mkaka
- mafuta osakaniza odyetsedwa
- isoamyl mowa
- mafuta a mpendadzuwa
