Mahomoni

Zamkati

• Zitsanzo za mahomoni

Pulogalamu ya mahomoni Ndizofunikira kuti thupi lizigwira bwino ntchito komanso zamoyo zina. Amapangidwa ndi ziwalo zinazake zotchedwa zotupa za endocrine, monga kapamba kapena pituitary gland, ndikulowa m'magazi.

Mahomoni amapezeka m'magazi otsika kwambiri, komabe,onetsetsani ntchito zofunika kwambiri ndendende monga kusakaniza shuga, kukhazikika kwa calcium m'mafupa ndi gametogenesis.

Mahomoni amatha kuonedwa ngati mamolekyulu amithenga, kuti kugwirizanitsa ntchito za ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mahomoni amayesetsa kuchitapo kanthu maselo zosiyana ndi zomwe adapangidwa. Mahomoni ambiri ndi mapuloteni, ena ndi mankhwala zotumphukira za cholesterol.

Itha kukutumikirani: Zitsanzo za Mahomoni a Zinyama ndi Zomera

Pulogalamu ya zochita m'thupi Amatha kuyambitsidwa munthawi zosiyanasiyana, moto wina m'masekondi ochepa, ena amafunika masiku angapo kuti ayambe kapena milungu ingapo kapena miyezi. Kukula kwa ntchito zambiri zamagulu am'manja kumayang'aniridwa ndi mahomoni.

Zina mwazomwe zimachitika ndi mahomoni, izi ndi izi:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kusunga mphamvu
• Kukula, kukula ndi kubereka
• Magazi amadzimadzi, mchere, ndi shuga
• Mapangidwe a mafupa ndi minofu
• Kusinthasintha kwa chidwi ndi magwiridwe antchito amachitidwe pazovuta zosiyanasiyana

Mahomoni osiyanasiyana adalembedwa pansipa ndipo njira zazikuluzikulu zomwe amathandizira zimawonetsedwa.

Zitsanzo za mahomoni

1. Testosterone: Ndiwo mahomoni omwe amawongolera kukula kwa mikhalidwe yachiwerewere yamwamuna (mawu akhuthala, minofu, tsitsi), ngakhale kuli kofunikira kuti pakhale spermatogenesis yolondola.
2. Insulini: Hormone iyi imapangidwa ndi kapamba ndipo ndiyofunikira pakuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake imafanana kwambiri ndi matenda ofala: matenda ashuga.
3. Glucagon: Imachita mogwirizana ndi insulin, motero ndiyofunikanso pakulimbitsa shuga.
4. Parathormone: Hormone iyi imapangidwa ndi gland ya parathyroid ndipo imakhudzidwa ndi kagayidwe kake ka calcium ndi phosphorous. Ndikofunikira kwambiri pa thanzi la mafupa komanso magwiridwe antchito a vitamini D.
5. Calcitonin: Ndikofunikanso kwambiri pa thanzi la mafupa, limachita mosemphana ndi mahomoni ofananirana ndi matenda.
6. Aldosterone: Nthawi zonse mulingo wa sodium ndi potaziyamu m'magazi ndi mkodzo; imakhudzana kwambiri ndi magwiridwe antchito a impso. Hormone iyi imapangidwa ndi adrenal gland.
7. Mahomoni oletsa antidiuretic: Amakhudzidwa ndikubwezeretsanso mamolekyulu amadzi m'matubules a impso, ndichifukwa chake amalumikizidwa ndikupanga mkodzo. Amatchedwanso vasopressin, ili ndi gawo lofunikira pakuthandizira kwathu.
8. Prolactin: Amapangidwanso pamatenda amkati amkati ndikuwongolera mkaka ndimatenda a mammary. Ikuwonjezeka pakubereka kukuyandikira komanso pambuyo pake.
9. Oxytocin: Hormone iyi ndiyofunikira kuyambitsa chiberekero chomwe chimayenera kubereka, chimapangidwa ndi pituitary.
10. Chithokomiro: Zimakhudzana ndi chithokomiro ndipo imayendetsa njira zambiri za thupi, kuphatikizapo kagayidwe kake ka maselo, kukula, ndi chitukuko cha dongosolo lamanjenje. Matenda osiyanasiyana amayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mahomoni, omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi hypothyroidism ndi hyperthyroidism.
11. Progesterone: Ndi progestogen yofunikira kuti kusasitsa kusinthike kuchitika mu endometrium yomwe ingalole kukula kwa mluza, chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira pakubereka. Ndikofunikanso pakhomo lakutha msinkhu kukulitsa ziwalo zogonana zachikazi ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala othandizira pakutha msambo. Amapangidwa makamaka mumchiberekero.
12. Somatotrophin: Amatchedwanso kukula kwa hormone, ndikofunikira pakukula koyenera kwa mwanayo; imayambitsa mapuloteni, imagwiritsa ntchito shuga komanso lipolysis. Zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa ziwalo zambiri.
13. Follicle Yolimbikitsa Hormone: Ndi mahomoni ofunikira pakukhwima kwamatenda amchiberekero ndikumaliza kusamba kwa mkazi, kofunikira pobereka.
14. Mahomoni a Luteinizing: Imagwira ntchito mothandizana ndi yam'mbuyomu, imathandizira ovulation ndipo imayamba kupanga corpus luteum. Mahomoni a Luteinizing amayesedwa nthawi zambiri kuti ayese mavuto azimayi osabereka.
15. Adrenaline (epinephrine): Ndi neurotransmitter yomwe imatenga nawo gawo pachitetezo chachilengedwe poteteza kupsinjika, yogwira pafupifupi matupi onse; ndikofunikira pakuwuluka kwa ndege ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo m'malo ovuta osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kumangidwa kwamtima, matenda a mphumu, ndi kusokonezeka kwa thupi.
16. Cortisol: Ndi glucocorticoid yokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha m'thupi, kuchepa kwamafuta, komanso njira yotchedwa gluconeogenesis. Kuphatikizika kwake ndi kumasulidwa kumayambitsidwa munthawi zovuta.
17. Melatonin: Hormoneyi imakhudzana ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana zakuthupi, imakhudza chitetezo cha mthupi, ukalamba, matenda amtima, kusintha magonedwe / mingoli, komanso imayambitsa matenda ena amisala. Melatonin imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi zovuta za kugona, pakati pa ena.
18. Estradiol: Zimakhudzidwa ndikukula kwa ziwalo zoberekera, monga gawo la chitukuko cha akazi, koma chimapezekanso mwa amuna. Zimakhudza kwambiri mafupa, kukhala gawo la njira zochiritsira mahomoni mwa amayi omwe atha msinkhu.
19. Triiodothyronine: Iyi ndi hormone yomwe imakhudza pafupifupi zochitika zonse zathupi (kukula ndi chitukuko, kutentha kwa thupi, kugunda kwa mtima, ndi zina zambiri). Mwa kulimbikitsa kutsika kwa chakudya ndi a mafuta, imayendetsa kagayidwe kake ka aerobic ndi kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni, ndiye kuti, kumawonjezera kuchepa kwa metabolism.
20. Androstenedione: Ndi mahomoni otsegulira mahomoni ena: androsterone ndi estrogens; ndikofunikira kukhalabe ndi uchembele wabwino, kwa abambo ndi amai. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake monga chowonjezera kwaletsedwa chifukwa kumawerengedwa kuti ndi anabolic steroid yomwe imathandizira kukulitsa minofu yolimba komanso kukana kwakuthupi mwa othamanga.