Zitsanzo za Maselo Amunthu (ndi ntchito zawo) - Encyclopedia

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Zitsanzo za maselo amunthu

Zilonda zosiyanasiyana za thupi la munthu, ndimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe ake, zonse zimapangidwa ndi gawo limodzi lamoyo, losaoneka bwino: selo.

Kutengera gawo lomwe ali nalo pakapangidwe kake kakuthupi komanso chifukwa cha maumboni awoawo, maselo amatha kukhala amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Akuyerekeza kuti pali mitundu pafupifupi 200 pakati pa maselo 37 thililiyoni omwe amatipanga.

Potengera chikhalidwe chawo, maselo athu sali osiyana ndi zinyama zambiri. Maselo athu anyama amasiyanitsidwa ndi maselo azomera komanso bowa pakakhala khoma lolimba la cell ndipo, mulibe chlorophyll kapena cellulose.

A selo laumunthu lililonse limapangidwa ndi:

A nembanemba ma kufalikira komwe kumalola osmosis ndikuchotsa zinthu.
A phata Lili ndi zidziwitso zamtundu ndipo limakhala ndi 10% yama cell.
A khungu mkati mwa phata, pomwe kupanga ribosome kumachitika.
Chotupa, chinthu chopangidwa ndi gelatin chomwe chimapanga "mkati" mwa khungu ndi momwe ziwalo zake zonse zimapezeka.
Ma organelles osiyanasiyana: mitochondria, yomwe imayang'anira kupuma kwamagetsi ndikupanga mphamvu; vacuole, yemwe amayang'anira ntchito yonyamula zinthu mkati mwa selo; ribosome, yoyang'anira mapuloteni kaphatikizidwe; lysosome, yomwe imayambitsa kutulutsa michere; komanso maukonde, machubu, ndi matumba otchedwa endoplasmic reticulum (yosalala ndi yovuta).

Mutha kukhala ndi chidwi ndi: Ziwalo Za Thupi Laumunthu

Zitsanzo za maselo amunthu

Maselo a Epithelial. Amapanga ma cell a ma epithelial minofu, omwe amaphimba malo onse omasuka amthupi: timadontho, mamina, ziwalo zopanda pake, zopangitsa kapena m'mbali mwake mwa mabowo. Magawo osiyanasiyana akhungu amapangidwa makamaka ndi iwo.
Ma Neurons. Mtundu wamaselo omwe nembanemba yake yam'magazi imapatsa mphamvu zamagetsi, imagwira ntchito ngati kondakitala ndi cholandilira choyambitsa chamanjenje. Sizimaberekana zikafika pokhwima ndipo ndizofunikira pakuwongolera thupi.
Zolemba zapamwamba. Maselo ofala kwambiri komanso osadziwika bwino m'thupi ndi gawo la minyewa yolumikizira, yomwe imasunga thupi lolumikizana komanso lolimba.
Adipocytes. Maselo omwe amayang'anira kuyang'anira nkhokwe zamagetsi zamthupi: mafuta. Kupyolera mu michere omwe amachititsa lipogenesis ndi lipolysis, njira zopangira ndi kuyaka kwa mafuta motsatana, ndikuyankha koposa onse ku mahomoni dera.
Osteoblasts. Maselo oyambira mafupa ndi omwe amapanga ndikupanga masanjidwe a mafupa, omwe amapangidwa kuti akhale amchere kuti athe kulimbana nawo. Ndi ma cell a cuboid, calcium yolandila.
Maselo amadzimadzi kapena neuroglia. Kuthandizidwa ndi maukonde a neural, ndikofunikira pakuwongolera zamoyo. Amayang'anira kuyang'anira kwa ionic ndi ma neurotransmitters, imagwira ngati mtundu wa guluu ku minyewa yokha. Amakhala ochulukirapo (1:10 mpaka 50) kuposa ma neuron.
Macrophages. Maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi, olimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena zoipitsa, komanso maselo akufa m'matumba omwe amapangidwanso, kudzera mu phagocytization yazinthu zowopsa zomwe zanenedwa. Pochita izi, amapanga makina azidziwitso am'manja omwe amachititsa kuti chitetezo chamthupi chitetezeke.
Maselo oyera kapena ma leukocyte. Ndi gulu losiyanasiyana lodzitchinjiriza lomwe limachokera m'mafupa ndi minyewa yam'mimba, yomwe imagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu zopangitsa kuti mthupi mukhalepo. Pali mitundu isanu yapadera kwambiri, yosaka mosiyanasiyana ma antigen: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes ndi monocytes.
Maselo ofiira ofiira kapena ma erythrocyte. Ndiwo maselo ambiri m'magazi, okhawo omwe ali ndi hemoglobin yonyamula mpweya. Mosiyana ndi enawo, maselo ofiira amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera kotero kuti alibe ma nuclei ndi mitochondria, chifukwa chake amapeza mphamvu zawo nayonso mphamvu lactic m'malo mopuma kwama cell.

Masewera. Cholinga chongobereka, zimanyamula theka lokha la matupi athu onse. Mwa amuna, ndizoyenda komanso zocheperako, zotchedwa umuna; mwa akazi amakhala okulirapo komanso osayenda, otchedwa mavuvu.
Ndodo kapena masamba a thonje. Omwe ali m'maso amaso, ali ndi mawonekedwe ofunikira kwambiri, pachifukwa ichi amakhala ndi chiwonetsero chazowoneka pang'ono. Samvetsetsa mtundu.
Mitsempha. Mosiyana ndi ndodo, ma cones ndi ma cell ocular omwe amapezeka mu diso, makamaka pakuwona kwamitundumitundu ya kuwala, motero amatenga mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera kubiriwira, kofiira ndi buluu.
Matenda a hepatocyte. Zokhala pachiwindi, ndimaselo olemera m'magulu, glycogen ndi mafuta. Amakhala ndi udindo wobisa mankhwala a bile.
Maselo oyambira. Zomwe zili kunja kwa khungu, zimatulutsa timagulu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga malire a thupi ndi kunja.
Odontoblasts. Amakhala zamkati mwa mano, ndipo ali ndi udindo wopanga dentin, chinthu chomwe enamel wamano amakhala nacho.
Maselo a peputayidi. Pakadali pano m'mimba, ali ndi cholinga chobisa hydrochloric acid yofunikira kuti apange pepsin ndikuphwanya chakudya chodya.
Maselo a Goblet. Zowotcha pakupanga ntchofu, kusunga epithelium yam'mapapo ndi dongosolo lam'mimba kukhala lonyowa komanso lotetezedwa. Dzinalo limachokera pakapangidwe kake kapangidwe kake.
Pneumocytes. Maselo m'mapapo mwanga omwe amayenda m'mimbamo yamapapo, kulola kusinthana kwa mpweya ndi magazi ndikuyamba kupuma. Pali ma pneumocyte amtundu wa I ndi II, aliwonse okhala ndi ma morphologies osiyanasiyana komanso magwiridwe antchito.
Myocyte. Amakhala ndi minofu yolimba yomwe imathandizira mafupawo ndikuthandizira kulimba komanso kuyenda. Ili ndi mapuloteni ovuta omwe amalola kuti iwonjezeke ndikumangika popanda kutaya mawonekedwe ake apachiyambi.
Maselo endothelial. Maselo ofooka omwe amayenda mkati mwa mitsempha ndi mtima, zomwe zimapanga gawo lake lakunja kwambiri, amalumikizana ndi magazi nthawi zonse. Amakwaniritsanso ntchito zingapo zofunikira za homeopathic.