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Zamkati
Pulogalamu ya mabakiteriya iwo ndi zamoyo chofanana ndipo iwo ali zamoyo prokaryotic. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chibadwa chake, molekyulu yazingwe zazingwe ziwiri za DNA, ndi yaulere mu cytoplasm, osatsekedwa mkatikati.
Popeza microfossils ndi stromatolites (zakale zakale za mabakiteriya osakanikirana ndi mchere) zapezeka m'malo opezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana, ngakhale m'miyala yayikulu kuposa Zaka 3.5 biliyoni, akuti mabakiteriya akhalapo kuyambira kalekale.
Mochuluka kwambiri kotero kuti akhalako kwanthawi yayitali ya mbiri ya Dziko Lapansi momwe munalibe ngakhale mitundu ina yamoyo. M'malo mwake, mabakiteriya adabweretsa zochitika zosintha kwambiri.
- Onaninso:Mavairasi (biology)
Mitundu ya mabakiteriya
Nthawi zambiri zimasiyanitsidwa m'magulu awiri akulu:
- Mabakiteriya: akuyimiridwa ndi makamaka m'chilengedwe lero, ndi kupezeka kwa magawo osiyanasiyana a oxygen ndi ma metabolism osiyanasiyana.
- Archaea: chisinthiko chikuyimira a gulu lapitalo, ndi ma metabolism omwe adasinthidwa mwanjira zina zachilengedwe, monga kusowa kwa oxygen (kumbukirani kuti, malinga ndi kafukufuku wovuta, kunalibe mpweya padziko lapansi mpaka masamba, otulutsa oksijeni ambiri, atatuluka), kapena mchere wambiri kapena mapangidwe amchere kwambiri kutentha kwambiri.
Zazikulu chisinthiko mabakiteriya makamaka amadziwika kuti amadabwitsa kusinthasintha kagayidwe kachakudya. Titha kunena kuti njira zonse zotheka za kupeza zinthu ndi mphamvu zilipo zogawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana a mabakiteriya.
- Onaninso: Zitsanzo za tizilombo ting'onoting'ono
Zitsanzo za mabakiteriya
Escherichia coli | Bacillus thuringiensis |
Bacillus subtilis | Clostridium botulinum |
Mycobacterium chifuwa chachikulu | Clostridium tetani |
Mankhwala opatsirana winogradsky | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
Thiobacillus ferooxidans | Falvobacterium madzi |
Rodospirillum rubrum | Azotobacter chroococcum |
Chloroflexus aurantiacus | Neisseria gonorrhaea |
Enterobacter aerogenes | Fuluwenza Haemophilus |
Serratia marcescens | Yersinia enterocolitica |
Salmonella typhi | Staphylococcus aureus |
Kufunika kwake
Pulogalamu ya mabakiteriya Amakhala ofunikira kwambiri m'chilengedwe, chifukwa amapezeka m'zinthu zofunikira kwambiri pamoyo: nayitrogeni, kaboni, phosphorous, sulfure, ndi zina zambiri.
Mulole sinthani organic kukhala zinthu zopanda chilengedwe komanso mosemphanitsa. Ngakhale mabakiteriya ambiri ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo amayambitsa matenda mu zomera ndi nyama (kuphatikizapo anthu).
Zina zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana njira zamakampani, monga kukonza chakudya ndi zakumwa chidakwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuchokera maantibayotiki, etc.
Makhalidwe
Pulogalamu ya mabakiteriya Zili zazing'ono kwambiri ndipo kunja kwa nembanemba komwe kumatsekera cytoplasm pali kapangidwe kotchedwa khoma lamaselo. Kunja kwina, mabakiteriya ena amapanga mawonekedwe ngati odzola otchedwa kapisozi.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timaberekana mwachangu komanso mwachangu kwambiri, motero ndimambiri. Chifukwa cha kagayidwe kake kosiyanasiyana, amatha kuchita bwino m'malo osiyanasiyana monga:
- Madzi okoma ndi amchere
- Zinthu zakuthupi
- Pansi
- Zipatso ndi njere
- Zomera
- Nyama, mkati ndi panja
Mabakiteriya ambiri amagundana kupanga awiriawiri, maunyolo kapena maphukusi; nthawi zambiri amayenda; flagellum (mtundu wokhala ndi zowonjezera zazitali) ndi dongosolo lomwe nthawi zambiri limathandizira kuyenda, koma osati lokhalo. Gulu la mabakiteriya pachikhalidwe limatchedwa colony.
Tsatirani ndi:
- Zitsanzo za Gram Yabwino ndi Mabakiteriya Olakwika a Gram
- Zitsanzo za Zamoyo Zosakanikirana
- Zitsanzo za Zamoyo za Prokaryotic ndi Eukaryotic