Zitsanzo za Ufumu wa Fungi - Encyclopedia

Zamkati

Makhalidwe a Fungi Kingdom
Zitsanzo za Bowa Kingdom
Kodi bowa amadyetsa bwanji?
Gulu mu ufumu wa bowa

Zamoyo zimagawidwa maufumu asanu Kuthandiza kuphunzira ndi kumvetsetsa za ubale womwe ulipo pakati pawo komanso mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse.

Magawowa amapangidwa kuchokera kumagulu ambiri kupita kumagulu ena, kuyambira maufumu, kenako phyla kapena magawano, kalasi, dongosolo, banja, mtundu ndi mitundu.

Mwanjira ina, ufumu uliwonse umakhala ndi zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala zofanana.

Mafumu ndi awa:

Animalia (nyama): Zamoyo za eukaryotic, zoyenda, zopanda chloroplast kapena khoma lamaselo. Ali heterotrophs (amadyetsa ena zamoyo).
Plantae (chomera ufumu): Zamoyo za eukaryotic, zopanda kutha kusuntha, zokhala ndi mapadi okhala ndi cellulose, photosynthetic.
Bowa (Fungi): Zamoyo za eukaryotic, zopanda kutha kusuntha, zokhala ndi makoma am'manja omwe amakhala ndi chitin.
Protista: Zamoyo zina za eukaryotic (ndi maselo zomwe zimaphatikizapo gawo losiyana) lomwe siliphatikizidwa pakati pa zomera, nyama, ndi bowa.
Monera: Zamoyo za Prokaryotic. Mu fayilo ya maselo a prokaryotic Alibe gawo losiyanitsidwa, ndiye kuti, zinthu zamtunduwu sizimasiyanitsidwa ndi khungu lonse ndi khungu, koma zimapezeka zaulere mu cytoplasm.

Itha kukutumikirani: Zitsanzo kuchokera ku Ufumu uliwonse

Makhalidwe a Fungi Kingdom

Zamoyo za eukaryotic: Zimapangidwa ndimaselo a eukaryotic, ndiye kuti, ali ndi phata pomwe ma genetic ali ngati ma chromosomes.
Khoma lamaselo: Monga zomera, ali ndi khoma lakunja kunja kwa nembanemba ya plasma. Mosiyana ndi zomera, khoma ili limapangidwa ndi chitin ndi ma glucans.
Chinyezi: Zimafalikira m'malo okhala chinyezi komanso m'madzi.
Heterotrophs: Mosiyana ndi zomera, amafunika kudyetsa zakuthupi wopangidwa ndi zamoyo zina, popeza sangathe kujambula zithunzi. Chikhalidwe chomwe chimawasiyanitsa ndi ma heterotrophs ena ndikuti amachita chimbudzi chakunja cha chakudya chawo: amatulutsa michere yomwe imagaya chakudya kenako ndikutenga mamolekyulu obwera chifukwa cha chimbudzi.
Kuberekana kwa spores: Spores ndi matupi owoneka ochepa chofanana kapena multicellular. Amwazikana m'malo obisika mpaka zinthu zabwino zikamere. Kubala kumeneku kumatha kukhala kogonana kapena zovomerezeka, malingana ndi mitundu.

Kwathu moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, Titha kupeza bowa ngati chakudya (muzakudya zosiyanasiyana za mkaka, mowa, kapena mwa iwo okha), kapena ngati gawo la mankhwala. Palinso bowa woipitsa, monga omwe amaola nkhuni, ndi bowa wama parasitic omwe amayambitsa matenda mthupi la munthu. Kuphatikiza apo, m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana bowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga hallucinogenic.

Zitsanzo za Bowa Kingdom

Ntchentche swatter (Amanita muscaria): Gawo: basidiomycetes. Dongosolo: Agaricales. Bowa womwe umalepheretsa kwakanthawi tizilombo tomwe timakumana nawo. Imayeza pakati pa masentimita 10 mpaka 20. Ndi chofiira ndi madontho oyera. Amapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana, koma makamaka nkhalango, ikamakula imalumikizidwa ndi mizu yamitengo yosiyanasiyana. Ndi bowa wonyezimira.
Amethyst Lacaria (laccaria amethystea): Gawo: basidiomycetes. Maphunziro: Homobasidiomycetes. Dongosolo: Tricholomatales. Bowa lomwe lili ndi chipewa mpaka masentimita asanu. Ili ndi mtundu wokongola wa violet. Imapezeka m'malo okhala nkhalango ndi chinyezi.
Bowa la nyenyezi (aseroë rubra). Gawo: basidiomycetes. Kalasi: agaricomycetes. Dongosolo: Phallales. Bowa amadziwika ndi fungo lake losasangalatsa, lomwe limakopa ntchentche, komanso mawonekedwe ake anyenyezi. Tsinde lake ndi loyera ndipo manja ake ndi ofiira. Ikhoza kufika masentimita 10. Dzanja lililonse (pakati pa 6 ndi 9) limayeza mamilimita 33.
Ndudu ya Mdyerekezi (chorioactis geaster). Kugawikana: ascomycetes. Kalasi: pezizomycetes. Dongosolo. Pezizales. Bowa wofanana ndi nyenyezi, utoto wonyezimira. Chochititsa chidwi chake ndikuti imatulutsa mawu ikatsegula kuti izitulutsa zipatso zake. Amamera pamizere yakufa kapena mizu ya thundu. Amapezeka ku United States ndi Japan kokha.
Yisiti ya mowa (Saccharomyces cervisiae). Kugawikana: ascomycetes. Maphunziro: Hemiascomycetes. Dongosolo: Saccharomycetales. Mafangayi chofanana. Mtundu wa yisiti womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga buledi, mowa, ndi vinyo. Imaberekanso mu zovomerezeka mwa kuphukira. Pazifukwa zina amatha kuberekana pogonana.
Penicillium Roqueforti. Kugawikana: ascomycotic. Kalasi: eurotiomycetes. Dongosolo: Eurtiales. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga tchizi tosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza tchizi wabuluu (Roqueforte, Cabrales, Valdeón, etc.)
Pine bowa (dzina luteus). Gawo: basidiomycetes. Kalasi: homobasidiomycetes. Dongosolo: boletales. Ikhoza kuyeza masentimita 10 m'mimba mwake. Mdima wakuda wakuda komanso wowoneka bwino. Amapezeka m'nkhalango za paini. Ndi bowa wodyedwa.
Dermatophyte bowa (epidermophyton floccosum). Kugawikana: ascomycotic. Kalasi: eurotiomycetes. Dongosolo: onygenales. Mafangayi omwe amayambitsa matenda apakhungu monga zipere, phazi la othamanga, ndi onychomycosis. Imafalikira mwa kukhudzana. Amakula m'magulu.
Crepidotus. Gawo: Basidiomycetes. Dongosolo: Agaricales. Mafangayi opangidwa ndi zimakupiza saprophytic. Ya mitundu pakati pa zoyera ndi zofiirira. Amakula mumadera otentha.
Penicillium chrysogenum. Kugawikana: ascomycotic. Kalasi: Eurothiomycetes. Dongosolo: eurotiales. Ndi bowa womwe umatulutsa penicillin (mankhwala zomwe zimaloleza kuchiza matenda omwe amawoneka ngati osachiritsika).

Kodi bowa amadyetsa bwanji?

Saprophytes: Amadya zotsalira za zovunda.
Mafinya: Amawononga zinthu zamoyo zomwe amakhala nazo.
Zizindikiro: Amayanjana ndi mbewu zomwe zimapindulitsa onse.

Gulu mu ufumu wa bowa

Ufumu wa Fungi wagawidwa motere:

Basidiomycetes (Gawo la Basidiomycota): Bowa lomwe limapanga basidia (kapangidwe kake) ndi basidiospores (ziwalo zoberekera).
Ascomycetes (Ascomycota division): Bowa ndi nkhungu zomwe zimatulutsa asci (cell yopanga spore) yokhala ndi ma ascospores (ascus iliyonse imapanga ma ascospores 8).
Glomeromycetes (Gawo la Glomeromycota): Mycorrhizae, ndiye kuti, bowa wokhala ndi mgwirizano wamgwirizano ndi mizu ya chomera.
Zygomycetes (Zygomycota division): Nkhungu zomwe zimapanga zygospores (gawo logonana la bowa)
Chitridiomycetes (Gawoli la Chytridiomycota): Mafangayi a Microscopic okhala ndi zoospores ndi ma uniflagellate gametes.