Zamoyo zonse zimafunikira chakudya, ndiye kuti kubwera kwa malasha ndi zinthu zina zofunika kuti agwirizane. Malinga ndi momwe zinthuzi zimapezedwera, zamoyo zimasiyanitsidwa pakati autotrophs ndi heterotrophs.
Pulogalamu ya autotrophs ndi omwe amatha kutulutsa kaboni mumlengalenga ndikusintha kukhala mphamvu, pomwe heterotrophs Ndiwo omwe sangathe kupanga chakudya chawo ndipo ayenera kuchipeza pogwiritsa ntchito zida zina, zomwe nthawi zina zimakhala zofanana ndi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ma autotrophs.
Pulogalamu ya zamoyo autotrophic Ndiwo omwe amatha kupanga zinthu zachilengedwe kuyambira zinthu zopanda pake. Amatha kutero phatikizani zinthu zomwe amafunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito kagayidwe kabwino ka zinthu zomwe sizili zachilengedwe. Zamoyo za Autotrophic zimapanga kulumikizana kofunikira mu chakudya, chifukwa kagayidwe kake kamene kamalola kukula kwawo komanso kwa zamoyo zina: zikadapanda iwo, moyo sukadakhala ndi lingaliro monga momwe limadziwikiratu.
Ndikoyenera kuyesa kuganizira za momwe kudyetsa zamoyo za autotrophic kumachitikira. Pali magawano pakati pa omwe ali chemoautotrophs ndi photoautotrophs:
- Pulogalamu ya chemoautotrophs Amatha kumera munthawi yazinthu zamchere, chifukwa amatenga mpweya kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi carbon dioxide. Njira yamoyoyi imangopezeka m'ma prokaryotes.
- Pulogalamu ya chithunzithunzi amapezeka pafupipafupi, ndipo amapeza chakudya chawo kuchokera ku mphamvu ya dzuwa. Njirayi imadziwika kuti photosynthesis, yomwe ndi njira yopangira chakudya pogwiritsa ntchito ziwalo za mbewu. Zomera zomwe zili ndi chlorophyll zimadziwika chifukwa chokhala ndi zobiriwira m'masamba awo, ndipo ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuwala kwa dzuwa, kutha kusintha utomoni wosaphika kukhala wosakidwa, ndendende chomwe chimapanga chakudya cha chomeracho. Mosiyana ndi izi, njira ya photosynthesis imapangitsa kuti mbewuyo izitulutsa mpweya. Pulogalamu ya kayendedwe ka calvin Ndi amene amafotokoza molondola zomwe zimachitika panthawi ya photosynthesis.
- Cactus
- Zitsamba
- Pukutani
- Malo odyetserako ziweto
- Shrubbery
- Mitengo
- Zomera
- maluwa
- Nopales
- Maguey
Pulogalamu ya heterotrophic zamoyogawo lawo ndi lomwe liyenera kudyetsa ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zina, mwina ma autotrophs kapena heterotrophs.
Zakudya zophatikizika zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi heterotrophs ndizinthu zolemera mu organic (lipids, protein kapena carbohydrate). Onse a nyama Ali mgulu la ma heterotrophs, komanso mabakiteriya iwo ali mbali ya gululo.
Tizilombo tina tomwe timakhala tolakwika ngati ma heterotrophs, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi bowa: alibe chlorophyll, chifukwa chake sangathe kupanga chakudya chawo kuchokera ku mphamvu yakuwala.
Njira yomwe imatsimikizira kuti chakudya chimadyedwa ndi heterotrophs chimaphatikizapo kulanda, kumeza, kugaya, kutuluka kwa nembanemba ndikuthamangitsidwa kwamolekyulu komwe sikothandiza (kuchotsedwa).
- Akambuku
- Njovu
- Bowa
- Makoswe
- Zamgululi
- Zinyama
- Anthu
- Nkhuku
- Mabakiteriya ena
- Kutulutsa
