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Zamkati
Pulogalamu ya nayonso mphamvu Ndi njira yokometsera yomwe imapangidwa ndi zamoyo zina zomwe zimapeza mphamvu kudzera mukuwonongeka kwa mankhwala. Ndi njira yosakwanira ya makutidwe ndi okosijeni.
Kutentha ndi njira ya anaerobic, chifukwa imachitika popanda mpweya. Imachitika m'maselo ena azamoyo komanso m'zinthu monga yisiti ndi mabakiteriya. Zamoyozi zimapeza mphamvu mwa kuphwanya mamolekyulu, monga wowuma kapena shuga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zinthu zosavuta kupanga. Mwachitsanzo: Yisiti imawotchera shuga m'mamphesa ndikusintha kukhala zidakwa pakupanga vinyo.
Njira yothira mafuta idapezeka ndi katswiri wazamankhwala waku France, a Louis Pasteur yemwe adawulula kuti nayonso mphamvu ndi njira yachilengedwe yomwe imachokera pakupanga tizilombo. Kutentha uku kumachitika mwachilengedwe, ngakhale kuti makampani opanga nayonso mphamvu amatha kukhala okosijeni, ndiye kuti, pakakhala mpweya.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nayonso mphamvu yomwe imatulutsa zakudya ndi zakumwa zambiri zomwe anthu amamwa. Mwachitsanzo: mowa, vinyo, yogurt, msuzi wa soya. Ma acid ambiri omwe amapezeka potsekemera ndi omwe amalola kuti chakudya chisungidwe kwa nthawi yayitali (osataya mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ake).
- Itha kukuthandizani: Anabolism and catabolism
Mitundu ya nayonso mphamvu
- Kutentha kwa mowa. Mtundu wothira momwe yisiti amasinthira glucose, sucrose, ndi fructose kukhala ethanol. Pochita izi, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timapeza mphamvu ndikutaya mowa ndi kaboni dayokisaidi. Kutentha uku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zakumwa zoledzeretsa monga vinyo, cider ndi mowa.
- Kutsekemera kwa acetic. Mtundu wa nayonso mphamvu womwe umafuna mpweya. Pakuthira uku, mabakiteriya amasintha mowa wa ethyl kukhala acetic acid. Asidiyu amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga viniga.
- Kutentha kwa butyric. Mtundu wa nayerobic Fermentation. Pakuthira uku, chakudya chimasandulika asidi butyric chifukwa cha mabakiteriya. Amadziwika ndi fungo lake.
- Lactic nayonso mphamvu. Mtundu wa kuthira kwa anaerobic komwe mabakiteriya amapeza mphamvu potulutsa shuga ndikuwasandutsa lactic acid. Zimapezekanso m'matenda ena am'maselo azinyama monga minofu ya minofu. Mtundu uwu wamafuta umagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira chakudya.
- Kutentha kwa Butanediol. Mtundu wa nayonso mphamvu wochitidwa ndi mabakiteriya omwe amapanga butanediol acid.
- Kutentha kwa Propionic. Mtundu wa kuthira kwa anaerobic kochitidwa ndi mabakiteriya. Amapanga shuga ndikupeza propionic acid.
Zitetezo Zitsanzo
- Kupanga vinyo. Ndi mtundu wa kuthira mowa. Popanga vinyo, shuga omwe amapezeka (msuzi wamphesa) amasandulika mowa mwa kulowa kwa yisiti omwe amapezeka mu mphesa. Mpweya woipa umapangidwanso.
- Kukonzekera yogurt. Ndi mtundu wa kuyamwa kwa lactic. Popanga yogati, mkaka (nthawi zambiri ng'ombe) umafufumitsidwa. Mabakiteriya amagwiritsa ntchito lactose ngati gwero lamphamvu lomwe limatulutsidwa ngati lactic acid.
- Kukonzekera kwa sauerkraut. Popanga sauerkraut, mabakiteriya amatulutsa lactic acid kudzera mu nayonso mphamvu ya lactic. Mabakiteriya amadya shuga mu kabichi ndikupanga lactic acid, ethanol, ndi carbon dioxide.
- Kupanga mkate. Popanga buledi, wowuma mu ufa amasandulika, pogwiritsa ntchito yisiti, kukhala shuga. Mpweya woipa umapangidwanso womwe umapangitsa kuti buledi akhale wofewa.
- Kukonzekera kwa msuzi wa soya. Popanga msuzi wa soya, soya amawiritsa ndi tirigu wofufumitsa. Kuchita kwa bowa kumatulutsa mkaka wa lactic acid, nayonso mphamvu ya mowa ndi nayonso mphamvu ya asidi.
- Kupanga tchizi. Ndi mtundu wa kuyamwa kwa lactic. Popanga tchizi, mabakiteriya amatulutsa lactic acid kuchokera ku lactose.
- Kumwera. Ndi mtundu wa kuthira mowa. Pakumwa, yisiti amasintha shuga mu barre wort kukhala mowa.
- Kukonzekera masato. Ndi mtundu wa kuthira mowa. Amapezeka ku chinangwa, mpunga kapena chimanga. Yisiti amagwiritsira ntchito kusintha shuga kukhala mowa.
- Kukonzekera kwa vinyo wa mpunga. Vinyo wampunga amapezeka mwa kuthira mpunga. Kutentha kumakhala ndi magawo awiri. Poyamba, wowuma mu mpunga amasandulika shuga (pogwiritsa ntchito mabakiteriya; wachiwiri, shuga amasandulika mowa.
- Kukonzekera viniga. Popanga viniga, mabakiteriya amapangira mowa wa ethyl mu vinyo, ndikusandutsa asidi.
- Ikutsatira ndi: Zachilengedwe komanso zopanga zinthu
